国际贸易结算

出版时间：2004-2  出版社：武汉大学出版社  作者：何康民  页数：194  

内容概要

　　《国际贸易结算》介绍了有关国际贸易结算方面的基本理论、基本知识和基本技能，以及相关的国际贸易惯例和游戏规则。　　本书以英文版的形式，全面而系统地介绍了国际经济贸易进出口中各种支付、债券和债务结算方式。深入浅出地阐述了各种支付方式和基本理论，基本原理和操作技能。此外，还运用大量的流程图简化了国际贸易的复杂运转程序，帮助读者对抽象问题的理解和记忆，并为今后从事进出口贸易工作的从业人员奠定了坚实的基础。

书籍目录

Chapter 1 Introduction1.1 Definition and Implications of International Trade Payment1.2 Key Issues in International Payment1.3 The Purpose of Learning This Curse1.4 Prospect of International Trade PaymentExercisesChapter 2 Incoterms 19902.1 Incoterms 1990 and ICC2.2 Interpretation of Incoterms 1990ExercisesChapter 3 Remittance3.1 Parties to a Remittance3.2 Type of Remittance3.3 Reimbursement of the Remittance Cover3.4 International Transferring and Clearing System3.5 Laws，Rules and Uniform Customs Relating to International Trade PaymentExercisesChapter 4 InstrumentChapter 5 CollectionsChapter 6 Documentary CreditsChapter 7 Other Payment MethodsChapter 8 DocumentsAppendix Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits （ICC PublicationNo.500）References（参考书目）

章节摘录

　　Trade promissory notes are sometimes used in international trade，especially in capi．tal goods trade，by which the amount due is very large and the payment effects in inStdl．ments For example，under Forfaiting，the importer can issue a series of promissory notcs with different tenors which should be guaranteed by his bank．Upon receipt of肛anntecd promissory notes the seller will sell them to the Foffaiting bank for cash．　　All of the legal acts except for acceptance described in section of Bills of Exchange apply to promissory note．Promissory note itself Can be considered as a guarantee madc by the payer to effect payment．Therefore，legal acts will not be repeated here again．　　4.6　Cheques　　A cheque is defined as an unconditional order in writing drawn on a bank signed by the drawer，　requiring a bank to pay on demand a sum certain in money to the ordcr 0f a named person or to the bearer.　　The meaning of the different parts of the definition are：　　1）Unconditi《，nal：payment can not hinge on certain conditions being met。for cxon．　　ple“Pay M r．Jones USD50 provided my salary cheque has been paid into my ac-　　count”．　　2）Writing：it must be in writing，pen，biro，print，even pencil Can be used a1． though the latter is not recommended because details can casilY be altred　　3）Signed：o cheque must be signed by the drawer who is the person paying出c　　nloney．　　4）On demand：　it is expected that the chequc will be paid ss soon as it js presented to the other bank．　　5）A suln certain：the amount of the cheque must be definitive，both in　words and figures．　　6）　Named person or bearer：　the cheque must be payable to somcone by none 0r　　payable to“the bearer”．　　4·6-1 The Main Parties Involved in a Cheque　　Iniiially，dlere are three parties are inv0IVed in a cheque　　1）Drawer：the person who Jnakes out the check：　　2）Dmwee：the personto whomthe chequeis addressed，itmust be a bank；　　3）Payee：the persontowhomthe chequeismade payable．　　A couDle ofimportant points havetobe notedinthefollowing．　　a．The drawee of a chequeiS always a bank；　　b．Urdike a bill of exchange，there is nO 1egal acts of acceptance because a cheque ismerelyaninstrumentpayable Oil demand or at sight．In otherwords，a chequeis never accepted by the bank on which it is drawn，more importandy，it means that a bank isneverliahletothe cheque holderifit does not yet payit．The drawerremainsthe party holding primarily liable，and any endorsers are sureties for the drawers payment·　　4．6．2 Essential Elements of a Cheque　　Basicallv．there ale five essential elements in a cheque．They ale mentioned as fol lows：　　1）Wording“cheque”or“check”；　　2）Detailed nanle of the dmwee，i．e．tje paying bank；　　3）Nameand signat~e ofthe drawer；　　4）Date and place of issuance；　　5）Currency and a certain alnonnt．　　Date of issuing a cheque is critical，used as the basis of calculating its validity．A cheque 8hanld be presented within its validity，otherwise it is null and void．It，however， does not mean　thatthepayment obligationtothe draweris cancelled．Period of validity set byGenevaUniform Lawsis 8 daysfromtheissuing dateinner a nation，20 daysinner　　a continent，and 70 days beyond a continent；the period set by the British Act is not　cleady defined，but within a reasonable time，Laws of People’s Republic of China on Ne一 gotiable Instruments specifies：“cheque holder should present for payment within 10 days fromtheissuing date．”　　4．6．3 Classification of Cheques　　1）Crossing cheque and non。crossing cheque　　Some cheques bear two bold parallel lines across their face．This is the crossing， which implicates that the payee Can collect the cheque proceeds only through a bank iusti。 tution　called collecting bank ratherthan askfor paymentin cash directly on counter ofthe drawee bank，In contrast，an uncrossed cheque namely，open cheque，does not have to be paid thmugh a bank account，payment Call be made over the counter，l·e·in cash.　1hus a person finding or even stealing all uncrossed cheque would be able to obtain Day—ment over the counter at the drawee bank provided that person had　reasonable　identifica-tion asthe payee and providedthatthe payeewas not personally knowntothebank．（suD．p0Se that a person，getting crossed cheque fraudulenfly and attempting to obtain the Dm一0eeds under this cheque，has to have one reason or can persuade someone　else witth　a　bank account to Pay in the cheque and to make suitable endorsement，）The tIallsferee　 should let a bank to coUect that cheque．No doubt，it makes collsiderably more　difficuIt　and risky，because the applying of a crossing increases the time available for discovering　the fraudulent activity and　gives the drawer more time to stop payment 0f any st0Ien　cheque·Furthermore，even ifpayment has been made before loss 0r fraud is discovered． it can 8JInost alwaysbe recoveredfromtheperson，thatistheIq；ue himselfor his succes— ser，for whom it collected since that person would have to have an account　at the coUec．

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