6500词床头灯英语5

出版时间：2009-5  出版社：航空工业  作者：(希腊)希罗多德|主编:王若平|译者:周莹//淘沙|改编:(美)蒂蒙斯  页数：391  
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内容概要

《不可不知的波斯战争故事》一书是公元前5世纪希腊历史学家希罗多德(公元前484—前430年)所撰写的记述公元前6～5世纪波斯帝国和希腊诸城邦之间战争的一部历史名著。由于该书记录详实，罗马著名政治活动家西塞罗曾称希罗多德为“历史之父”。    大流土一世统治时期，波斯帝国国力强盛。米利都领主希司提埃伊欧斯不甘心受控于大流土，暗地策划米利都人反叛，伊奥尼亚人和雅典人占领了撒尔迪斯城，烧毁了城邦。起义虽然被镇压，但却从此埋下了祸根，国王大流士决心对雅典人进行报复，备战第一次希波战争。    马拉松一战，雅典军队获胜，但双方损失惨重，众多将领阵亡。    波斯战败的消息传到国内，大流士十分愤怒，发誓要再次攻打希腊，同时讨伐背叛波斯的埃及人和希腊人。    按照波斯法律，国王出征之前要选出王位继承人，大流士之子薛西斯胜出。就在备战的第二年，统治了波斯36年的国王大流士去世。    薛西斯继承王位，但他无意出征希腊，而是热衷攻打埃及。经过玛尔多纽斯巧言相劝，终于决意出征。虽然有臣民反对，可是神召却增加了薛西斯的信心，决定御驾亲征。    波斯大军阵容极为奢华，浩浩荡荡向雅典进军。战事初期，希腊军队乱作一团，强大的波斯军队和神的指示使希腊城邦之间主战主和意见相左。这时，特米斯托克利提出了一项很好的建议，使埃吉纳战争挽救了希腊，并使希腊军队从此擅长于海战。    薛西斯一世率领1207艘战船，在海上与希膳军队展开了第一次交锋，结果大败，损失惨重。    在铁尔摩披莱一战中，波斯军队遭遇斯巴达人，虽然两军力量悬殊，但斯巴达人骁勇善战，波斯军队遇到顽强抵抗。后由于叛徒出卖，斯巴达300勇士壮烈牺牲，人们为他们写下了墓志铭。    希波两军战船在阿尔铁米西昂再次对决，希腊统帅是斯巴达人优利比亚戴斯，战争伊始，波斯战船在数量上占绝对优势，但恶劣的天气使不擅长海战的波斯军队力量严重受挫，双方战船数量趋平。    希腊军队为保存力量决定撤离阿尔铁米西昂，但波斯军队仍紧追不舍，一直追到了雅典娜神庙，也许是神力显灵，波斯军队溃不成军，仓皇逃向贝奥提亚。    随后波斯军队攻占了雅典，这令希腊其他城邦极为恐慌，联军各盟国投票决定在雅孙同波斯舰队决战。    此时希腊联军内部出现分裂，特米斯托克利在危机时刻破釜沉舟。设计把敌军引到了萨拉米斯，包围了希腊军队，这样盟国便别无选择，为了求生，只有背水一战。    萨拉米斯一战重创波斯大军，薛西斯撤回波斯，玛尔多纽斯自愿留下继续同希腊作战。他本欲用反间计瓦解希腊盟国，却以失败告终。    随着战事的发展，情况对波斯军队越来越不利，玛尔多纽斯战死。波斯军队群龙无首，军心大乱。    希腊舰队开拔至萨摩司，双方在米卡列大战，波斯军队工事失守导致惨败，波斯人在逃亡中，被米利都人杀死，伊奥尼亚又一次背叛了波斯国王。

书籍目录

米利都起义夺取米利都雅典的节日：骑兵雅典的节日：搬运树枝的人妇女举行的庆典第一次希波战争战车比赛马拉松战役吹笛者和舞者马拉松有关阿尔克美昂的儿子们的事情和米尔提亚戴斯之见穿着盔甲的赛跑宴会的桌子备战第二次攻打希腊商讨会议薛西斯动身出发薛西斯的行军战车薛西斯横渡亚细亚进入欧罗巴，以及有关他军队的事情薛西斯的行军供奉雅典人备战薛西斯一世的陆军和海军与希腊的第一次交锋赛马铁尔摩披莱战役阿尔铁米西昂的希腊战船希腊联军从阿尔铁米西昂的撤离和薛西斯的进攻萨米拉司的希腊人和雅典萨米拉司大战薛西斯败退波斯和希腊准备再战火炬舞普拉蒂亚大战祭  祀普拉蒂亚米卡列之战

章节摘录

　　The city of Athens had greatly increased in might since it was rid of its lords. The manner of the removal was this. For a while after Hipparchus had been killed——this Hipparchus, with Hippias, his brother, had received the lordship from Pisistratus, his father, and he had been killed at the festival of Athene　the cruel reign was more alarming than before. Now there was in Athens a great house, the sons of A lcmeon, that had been sent away by the children of Pisistratus. At the first indeed joining with others who were in same case, they sought to obtain their return by force, building a fort on Mount Parnes, from where they might attack the city, but they accomplished nothing. Then they devised this device. They made an agreement with the council of the Amphictyons that they would build the temple of Apollo that is in Delphi for a certain sum of money. But in the building they made all things fairer than ac- cording to the letter of the agreement　and this they could do by reason of their great wealth　and especially, when it had been a- greed that they should use common stone in the building of the temple, they used thereof marble of Paros for the front After this they persuaded the Pythia with a sum of money that whenever any men from Sparta came to ask her counsel, whether they came on their own affairs or the affairs of the State, she should bid them set free the city of Athens. When this message had come to the Lacedaemonians many times, they sent one of their chief cit- izens with an army to drive out the children of Pisistratus from A- thens. And this they did, though the men were dear friends to them, for they judged it well to prefer the bidding of the Gods to the friendship of men. This army came by sea and landed at Phalerus. And when the sons of Pisistratus heard of it, they sent for help to Thessaly, with which country they had alliance, and there came to them from Thessaly a thousand horsemen, under Cineas, King of Thessaly. With them they attacked the camp of the Lacedaemoni- ans, and killed not a few of them, among whom was the captain of the army, and drove those who were left into their ships.　　After this the Lacedaemonians sent another army, greater than before, under King Cleomenes, not in ships but by land. Likewise, as soon as they had crossed the borders, they were attacked by the horsemen of the Thessalians.They could not stand, but fled back without delay into their own land. Then Cleomenes, coming to the city and taking to him such an idea as to drive out from Athens its lords, attacked the sons of Pisistratus in the Pelasgian fort; but they did not accomplished their purpose-for they didn't want to make a long siege of the fort, and the sons of Pisistratus had meat and drink in abundance——but would have remained a few days, if not, they would depart early. The sons of Pisistratus sought to send their children out of the country secretly; but the children were taken. Then they made an agreement with the Athenians that, if the chil- dren should be given back to them, they would depart the country within five days. And this they did, their house having had the lord- ship for thirty years and six. Thus was what Athens got rid of its lords.　　Aristagoras, then coming to this city of Athens, presented him- self before the people, and said the same words that he had said before in Sparta, about the good things in Asia, and about the man- ner of fighting of the Persians, how they had neither spear nor shield, and were therefore easily to be conquered. Also he said that the Milesians were settlers from Athens, and that it was just be- cause of this that the Athenians, being so powerful, should deliver them from slavery. And because his need was great, there was noth- ing that he did not promise, till at the last he persuaded them. For it is easier, it seems, to deceive a multitude than to deceive one man. Cleomenes the Spartan, being but one man, Aristagoras could not deceive; but he brought over to his purpose the people of A- thens, being thirty thousand. So the Athenians, being persuaded, made a decree to send twenty ships to help the men of Ionia, and appointed one Melanthius, a man of reputation among them, to be captain. These ships were the beginning of trouble both to the Greeks and the non-Greeks.　　……

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