国际经济学

出版时间：2005-4  出版社：高等教育  作者：罗伯特·J·凯伯  页数：458  
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前言

自教育部在《关于加强高等学校本科教学工作提高教学质量的若干意见》【教高（2001）4号】中提出双语教学的要求后，各地高校相继开设了一系列双语教学课程。这对提高学生的学科和外文水平，开阔国际视野，培养创新型人才起到了重要的作用：一大批教师也逐渐熟悉了外文授课，自身的教学水平和能力得到较大提高，具备国际学术思维的中青年教师脱颖而出。同时，经过近几年的双语教学实践，国外原版教材量大、逻辑不够清晰、疏离中国现实等问题也影响了双语教学的效果。因此，对外版教材进行本土化的精简改编，使之更加适合我国的双语教学已提上教材建设日程。为了满足高等学校经济管理类双语课程本土化教学的需要，在教育部高等教育司的指导和支持下，高等教育出版社Thomson Learning等国外著名出版公司通力合作，在国内首次推出了金融、会计、经济学等专业的英文原版改编教材。本套教材的遴选、改编和出版严格遵循了以下几个原则：1.择优选取权威的新版本。在各专业选书论证会上，我们要求入选改编的教材不仅是在国际上多次再版的经典之作的最新版本，而且是近年来已在国内被试用的优秀教材。2.改编后的教材力求内容规范简明，逻辑更加清晰，语言原汁原味，适合中国的双语教学。选择的改编人既熟悉原版教材内容又具有本书或本门课程双语教学的经验；在改编过程中，高等教育出版社组织了知名专家学者召开了数次改编和审稿会议，改编稿征求了众多教师的意见。3.改编后的教材配有较丰富的辅助教学支持资源，教师可在网上免费获取。同时，改编后的教材厚度适中，定价标准较低。由于原作者所处国家的政治、经济和文化背景等与我国不同，对书中所持观点，敬请广大读者在阅读过程中注意加以分析和鉴别。此次英文改编教材的出版，得到了很多专家学者的支持和帮助，在此深表谢意！我们期待这批英文改编教材的出版能对我国经济管理类专业的教学能有所帮助，欢迎广大读者给我们提出宝贵的意见和建议。

内容概要

　　《国际经济学》从两个方面阐述了国际经济学理论：国际贸易关系和国际货币关系。全书讲述了国际经济学领域内研究的五大热点问题：经济活动的全球化问题，自由贸易和生活质量的关系问题，发展中国家与工业化国家之间的贸易冲突问题，世界贸易组织与区域性贸易协定解度的贸易自由化问题以及作为主要货币的美元的作用和地位问题。全书的突出物点是紧密联系实践，理论和方法的阐述通谷易懂。如作者罗伯特·J·凯伯教授在《国际经济学》的前言中所说：“我相信，把一门专业课的知识在实践中的应用讲授给学生，是激励他们学习这门课程的最好方式”。　　《国际经济学》非常适合我国高等院校经济管理专业本科生作为《国际经济学》教材使用，也可供从事国际经济学研究的人员参考。

作者简介

作者：（美国）罗伯特·J·凯伯（Robert J.Carbaugh） 罗伯特·J·凯伯（ROBERT　J.CARBAUGH），美国华盛顿中央大学经济学教授。

书籍目录

INTRODUCTION Chapter 1 The International Economy Globalization of Economic Activity Waves of Globalization First Wave of Globalization: 1870-1914 Second Wave of Globalization: 1945-1980 New Wave of Globalization FOREIGN COMPETITION AND THE U.S.Atrro INDUSTRY The United States as an Open Economy Why Is Globalization Important? COMPETITION IN THE WORLD STEEL INDUSTRY Common Fallacies of Intemational Trade What Makes a Company "American"? International Competitiveness Firm （Industry） Competitiveness A Nation's Competitiveness Globalization and Competitiveness Has Globalization Gone Too Far? The plan of this bookSummaryStudy QuestionsPART 1:INTERNATIONAL TRADE RELATIONSChapter2 Foundations of Modern Trade TheoryHistorical Development ofModern Trade TheoryThe MercantilistsWhy Nations Trade: Absolute AdvantageWhy Nations Trade:Comparative AdvantageWHERE DOES U.S. COMPARATIVEADVANTAGE LtE?Comparative Advantage in Money TermsProduction Possibilities SchedulesTrading Under Constant-Cost ConditionsConstant CostsBasis for Trade and Direction of Trade.Production Gains from SpecializationConsumption Gains from TradeDistributing the Gains from TradeComplete SpecializationProductivity and Comparative AdvantageChanging Comparative AdvantageTrade RestrictionsTrading Under Increasing-Cost ConditionsIncreasing CostsIncreasing-Cost Trading CasePartial SpecializationComparative Advantage Extended to ManyProducts and CountriesMore Than Two ProductsChapter 3 International EqullibrlumIndifference CurvesEquilibrium in the Absence of TradeA Restatement: Basis for Trade,Gains from TradeEquilibrium Terms of TradeMore Than Two Countries...SummaryStudy QuestionsTheory of Reciprocal DemandTerms-of-Trade EstimatesSummaryStudy QuestionsChapter 4 Trade Model Extenslons and ApplicationsFactor-Endowment TheoryFactor-Price EqualizationTrade and the Distribution of IncomeTHE HECKSCHER-OHLIN THEORY:U.S.-CHINA TRADEDoes Trade Make the Poor Even Poorer？Explaining Wage InequalityEvidence on Wage InequalityPolicy ImplicationsAre Actual Trade Patterns Explained by the Factor-Endowment Theory？Economies of Scale and SpecializationTheory of Overlapping DemandsIntraindustry TradeProduct CyclesPocket Calculators and the International Product CycleDynamic Comparative Advantage:Industrial PolicySummaryStudy QuestionsChapter 5 TarlffsThe Tariff ConceptTypes of TariffsSpecific TariffAd Valorem TariffCompound TariffSmuggled Steel Evades U.S. TariffsEffective Rate of ProtectionTariff EscalationProduction Sharing and Offshore-Assembly ProvisionPostponing Import DutiesBonded WarehouseForeign-Trade ZoneTariff Welfare Effects: Consumer Surplus and Producer SurplusTariff Welfare Effects: SmaU-Nation ModelCALCULATING THE WELFARE EFFECTS OF A TARIFFTariff Welfare Effects: Large-Nation ModelPRESERVING A PRODUCnON WORKER'S JOB Tariff ExamplesLamb Tariffs Fleece U.S. ConsumersMotorcyclesJapanese Luxury CarsWho Pays for Import Restrictions？EFFECTS OF EIAMINATING IMPORT TARIFFSHow a Tariff Burdens ExportersArguments for Trade RestrictionsJob ProtectionPETrrlON OF THE CANDLE MAKERSProtection Against Cheap Foreign LaborFairness in Trade- A Level Playing Field.Maintenance of the Domestic Standard of LivingEqualization of Production CostsInfant- Industry ArgumentNoneconomic ArgumentsSummaryStudy QuestionsChapter 6 Nontarlff Trade BarriersImport QuotaTrade and Welfare EffectsAllocating Quota LicensesSugar Import QuotasQuotas Versus TariffsTariff-Rate Quota: A Two-Tier TariffOrderly Marketing AgreementsSTEEL-USING INDUSTRIES OPPOSERESTRICTIONS ON STEEL IMPORTSExport Quota EffectsJapanese Auto Restraints Put Brakes on U.S. MotoristsDomestic Content RequirementsSubsidiesHow "FOREIGN" IS YOUR CAR？Domestic SubsidyExport SubsidyDumpingForms of DumpingInternational Price DiscriminationAntidumping RegulationsOther Nontariff Trade BarriersGovernment Procurement PoliciesSocial RegulationsSea Transport and Freight RestrictionsSummaryStudy QuestionsChapter 7 Trade Regulation and lndustrial Policles.Smoot-Hawley ActReciprocal Trade Agreements ActGeneral Agreement on Tariffs and TradeThe GATT SystemMultilateral Trade NegotiationsWorld Trade OrganizationSettling Trade DisputesDoes the WTO Reduce National Sovereignty？Does the WTO Harm the Environment？A New Round of Trade Negotiationsfor the WTOThe Battle in SeattleFrom Seattle to DohaTrade Promotion Authority （Fast-Track Authority）The Escape ClauseBush's Steely PragmatismCountervailing DutiesLumber Quotas Hammer Home BuyersAntidumping DutiesThe Prevalence of Antidumping ActionRemedies Against Dumped and Subsidized ImportsSection 301: Unfair Trading PracticesEurope Slips in Banana DisputeProtection of Intellectual Property RightsTrade Adjustment AssistanceWill Wage Insurance Make Free TradeMore Acceptable to Workers？Industrial Policies of the United StatesExport Promotion and FinancingIndustrial Policies of JapanHas Industrial Policy Helped Japan？ Strategic Trade PolicyImperfect Competition and Government SubsidiesWelfare Effects of Strategic Trade PolicyEconomic SanctionsFactors Influencing the Success of SanctionsSummaryStudy QuestionsChapter 8 Trade Polides for the Developing NationsDeveloping-Nation Trade CharacteristicsTrade Problems of the Developing NationsUnstable Export MarketsWorsening Terms of TradeLimited Market AccessFAIR-TRADE MOVEMENT HELPS POOR COFFEFARMERSCall for a New International Economic OrderGeneralized System of PreferencesStabilizing Commodity PricesProduction and Export ControlsBuffer StocksMultilateral ContractsThe OPEC Oil CartelMaximizing Cartel ProfitsOPEC as a CartelOPEC's Price BandTapping the Strategic Oil ReserveBreaking OPEC's Grip……Chapter9 Regional trading arrangementsChapter10 Interational factor movements and multinational enterprisesPART 2:INTERNATIONAL MONETARY RELATIONSChapter11 The balance of paymentsChapter12 Foreign exchangeChapter13 Exchange-rate determinationChapter14 Balance-of -payments adjustments under fixed exchange ratesChapter15 Exchange-rate adjustments and the balance of paymentsChapter16 Exchange-rate systemsChapter17 Macroeconomic policy in an open economyChapter18 International banking :reserves,debt ,and risk Index

章节摘录

As a result of these productivity gains, the production possibilities schedule of each country rotates outward and becomes flatter. More output can now be produced in each country with the same amount of resources. Referring to the new production possibilities schedules, the MRT of automobiles into computers equals 0.67 for the United States and 0.5 for Japan. The comparative cost of a computer in Japan has thus fallen below that in the United States. For the United States, the consequence of lagging productivity growth is that it loses its comparative advantage in computer production！ But even after Japan achieves comparative advantage in computers, the United States still has a comparative advantage in autos; the change in manufacturing productivity thus results in a change in the direction of trade. The lesson of this example is that producers who fall behind in research and development, technology, and equipment tend to find their competitiveness dwindling in world markets.For domestic workers, what are the consequences of lost competitiveness in particular export markets？ Not only do they lose jobs to foreign workers, but their wages tend to decrease relative to the wages of competing workers abroad. Some domestic workers with specialized skills that are not transferable to other industries may face lasting reductions in income.It should be noted, however, that all countries enjoy a comparative advantage in some product or service. For the United States, the growth of international competition in industries such as steel and autos may make it easy to forget that the United States continues to be a major exporter of aircraft, paper, instruments, plastics, and chemicals. But putting the comparative-advantage principle into operation can be difficult, because workers are often reluctant to retrain and relocate to areas of the country where industries are expanding. Workers in import-competing industries often demand trade restrictions （such as tariffs or quotas） to preserve their jobs and wages.IRADE RESTRlCTIONSThe principle of comparative advantage under constant costs suggests that trading nations will achieve the greatest possible gains from trade when they completely specialize in the production of the commodities of their comparative advantage. One factor that limits specialization is the restrictions governments impose on the movement of commodities among nations. By reducing the overall volume of trade, trade restrictions tend to reduce the gains from trade.Assume that, for reasons of national security, the United States establishes restrictions on the amount of oil that can be imported from the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries （OPEC）. Rather than importing all of its oil from OPEC, which is assumed to have a comparative advantage in oil production, suppose that the United States wishes to produce some oil itself. The United States chooses to produce some of the commodity of its comparative disadvantage in return for a greater degree of national security.Figure 2.5 illustrates this trading situation between the United States and OPEC. Because the United States has the comparative advantage in the production of manufactured goods, it would benefit by specializing in the production of manufactured goods. The United States thus moves its production location from autarky point A to point B. By exporting, say, 175 manufactured goods at the international terms of trade tt, the United States would import 275 barrels of crude oil. At posttrade consumption point C, the U.S. consumption gains from trade total 125 manufactured goods and 100 barrels of crude oil.

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