生物工程导论

出版时间：2011-8  出版社：化学工业出版社  作者：（美）拉奥　主编，李春　改编  页数：319  

内容概要

　　本书是在DG Rao《IntroductiOnto
BiochemicaIEngineering》第二版的基础上，经过编者重新组织、删减和修改出版的。主要供生物类专业低年级学生了解生物工程与技术专业的全貌，明晰后续专业课程之间的相互关系，领悟生物工程领域发展的现状和动态及其对社会和经济发展的影响，尤其是当今社会在面临着能源危机、资源危机和环境危机时生物技术所发挥的作用。阅读《生物工程导论(英文改编版)(第2版)》后，可提高学生对专业知识的理解，激发其进一步学习专业知识的兴趣和爱好。对于其他相关专业的学生则可拓展其视野、优化其知识结构、提高其科学素养。
　　本书既可作为高等院校生物工程、生物技术、化学工程、制药工程和环境工程等专业的导论教材，化学、生物和食品等专业的拓展教材，也可供相关学科从事教学、科研和生物产业管理者学习和参考。

书籍目录

Chapter 1 Introduction to Bioprocessing Fundamentals 1
　1.1 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS OF BIOPROCESSING TECHNOLOGY 1
　1.2 OVERVIEW OF TRADITIONAL AND MODEN APPLICATIONS OF
BIOTECHNOLOGY 3
　1.3 INTERADISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO BIOPROGROCESSING 3
　1.4 OUTLINES OF LINTEGRATED BIOPROCESS 4
　1.5 UNIT OPERATIONS BIOPROCESS 6
　References 7
　Review Questions 7
Chapter 2 Overview of Microbiology 8
　2.1 HISTORIC BACKGROUND 8
　2.2 MICROSCOPY 10
　2.3 MICROBIAL TAXONOMY 10
　2.4 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION 13
　2.5 NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS 13
　2.6 METABOLISM 15
　2.7 PROCARYOTIC CELL 19
　2.8 EUCARYOTIC CELL 22
　2.9 VIRUSES 26
　2.10 FUNGI 26
　2.11 ALGAE 26
　2.12 PROTOZOA 27
　2.13 IMPORTANCE OF MICROBIOLOGY 27
　2.14 CONCLUDING REMARKS 29
　References 29
　Review Questions 29
Chapter 3 Introduction to Biochemistry 31
　3.1 LIPIDS 31
　3.2 PROTEINS 36
　3.3 CARBOHYDRATES 39
　3.4 NUCLEIC ACIDS 43
　3.5 VITAMINS 45
　References 50
　Review Questions 50
Chapter 4 Enzymes 51
　4.1 HISTORY OF ENZYMES 51
　4.2 CLASSIFICATION OF ENZYMES 51
　4.3 ENZYMES AS BIOLOGICAL CATALYSTS 52
　4.4 ENZYME SPECIFICITY 54
　4.5 ENZYME KINETICS 56
　4.6 IMMOBILIZATION OF ENZYMES 60
　4.7 INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS OF ENZYMES 63
　References 67
　Review Questions 68
Chapter 5 Fermentation 69
　5.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS OF FERMENTATION PROCESS 69
　5.2 RANGE OF FERMENTATION PROCESS 70
　5.3 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF FERMENTER 76
　5.4 MEDIA DESIGN FOR FERMENTATION 78
　5.5 STERILIZATION 84
　5.6 AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION PROCESSES 90
　5.7 SOLID STATE AND SUBMERGED FERMENTATION AND THEIR APPLICATIONS
91
　5.8 VARIOUS TYPES OF BIOREACTORS 92
　References 98
　Review Questions 100
Chapter 6 Kinetics of Microbial Growth and Biochemical Reactors
101
　6.1 PHASES OF CELL GROWTH 102
　6.2 BATCH REACTOR DATA ANALYSIS 102
　6.3 KINETIC MODELS FOR CELL GROWTH 107
　6.4 GROWTH OF FILAMENTOUS ORGANISMS 112
　6.5 SUBSTRATE AND PRODUCT INHIBITION ON CELL GROWTH 113
　6.6 STRUCTURED MODELS 114
　6.7 DESIGN EQUATIONS BASED ON BIOCHEMICAL REACTIONS 116
　References 119
　Review Questions 120
　Problems 120
Chapter 7 Ideal Reactors 121
　7.1 DESIGN OF IDEAL REACTORS 121
　7.2 SINGLE REACTOR 124
　7.3 MULTIPLE REACTORS 131
　References 136
　Review Questions 137
　Problems 137
Chapter 8 Multiple Reactions 138
　8.1 PARALLEL REACTIONS 139
　8.2 SERIES REACTIONS 141
　8.3 SERIES PARALLEL REACTIONS 145
　8.4 DESIGN PRINCIPLES 147
　References 149
　Review Questions 149
Chapter 9 Heat Transfer in Bioprocessing 151
　9.1 HEAT TRANSFER BY CONDUCTION 152
　9.2 HEAT TRANSFER BY CONVECTION 159
　9.3 HEAT TRANSFER BY RADIATION 171
　References 176
　Review Questions 177
　Problems 177
Chapter 10 Mass Transfer in Bioprocessing Operations 179
　10.1 MASS TRANSFER BY DIFFUSION 180
　10.2 THEORIES OF DIFFUSIONAL MASS TRANSFER 180
　10.3 MASS TRANSFER BY CONVECTION 183
　10.4 OXYGEN TRANSFER METHODOLOGY IN FERMENTERS 191
　10.5 FACTORS AFFECTING OXYGEN TRANSFER RATE 195
　References 202
　Review Questions 203
　Problems 203
Chapter 11 Heterogeneous Reaction Systems 205
　11.1 MASS TRANSFER CONSIDERATIONS 205
　11.2 INTRA PARTICLE DIFFUSION AND REACTION RATE 208
　11.3 EFFECTIVENESS FACTOR AND THIELE MODULUs 210
　11.4 OBSERVABLE THIELE MODULUS 213
　11.5 BIOREACTOR SELECTION CRITERIA 214
　References 215
　Review Questions 215
Chapter12 Bioreactors and Fermentation 217
　12.1 BIOREACTORS 217
　12.2 MONITORING AND CONTROL OF FERMENTATION PROCESSES 219
　12.3 VARIOUS ACCESSORIES 224
　12.4 CULTIVATION OF ORGANISMS 225
　12.5 MEDIA OPTIMISATION 229
　References 230
　Review Questions 231
Chapter 13 Product Recovery 232
　13.1 REMOVAL OF SUSPENDED SOLIDS 234
　13.2 FILTRATION 234
　13.3 SEDIMENTATION 241
　13.4 CENTRIFUGATION 244
　13.5 CELL DISRUPTION 248
　13.6 EXTRACTION 249
　13.7 MEMBRANE SEPARATION 252
　13.8 CHROMATOGRAPHY 253
　13.9 CRYSTALLISATION 256
　13.10 DRYING 258
　References 265
　Review Questions 265
Chapter 14 Effluent Treatment 267
　14.1 NEED FOR EFFLUENT TREATMENT 267
　14.2 PHYSICAL METHODS 269
　14.3 CHEMICAL METHODS 269
　14.4 BIOLOGICAL METHODS 270
　References 275
　Review Questions 275
Chapter 15 Design and Analysis of Bioreactors 276
　15.1 STABILITY AND ANALYSIS OF BIOREACTORS 277
　15.2 DESIGN AND OPERATION OF BIOREACTORS 279
　15.3 BIOREACTOR FOR PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS 286
　15.4 SCALE UP OF BIOREACTORS 289
　15.5 SOME CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF BIOREACTORS 293
　References 295
　Review Questions 296
Chapter 16 Bioprocess Economics 298
　16.1 PLANTDESIGN AND ECONOMICS 300
　16.2 COST OF PRODUCTION 303
　16.3 BREAK EVEN ANALYSIS 305
　16.4 PROJECT ECONOMICS 307
　16.5 DEPRECIATION 310
　16.6 PROJECT ECONOMICS FOR CITRIC ACID MANUFACTURE 311
　References 319
　Review Questions 319

章节摘录

　　Covalent bonding method provides more permanent linkage between the enzyme and the supportmaterial. Covalent bonds can be formed under mild conditions， and the active site of enzyme mustremain free from covalent attachments. There is still some possibility for loss of activity of the enzymeduring bond formation mainly because ofchemical reaction.　　（iv） Adsorption　　One of the simplest methods for enzyme immobilization is by adsorption. Enzymescan be adsorbed physically on a surface-active adsorbent by weak physical forces such as van der Waals'forces or dispersion forces. Commonly used adsorbents are： alumina， clay， silica， anion-exchange resins，these support materials may have to be chemically or physically pretreated. Ion exchange resinsDEAE-Sephadex and carboxymethylcellulose （CMC） can also be used as support media. One of thedrawbacks with the adsorption procedure is that since adsorption is a non-specific process， many othersubstances may also be attached to the carrier in addition to the immobilized enzyme. Anotherdisadvantage of this method is that the loading of enzyme on a unit amount of surface is always very low，and the bonding strength is very weak， Still this method is followed for the following distinctadvantages：　　（i） the immobilization procedure is easy and simple　　（ii） the adsorption process is reversible　　（iii） enzymes are not deactivated by adsorption.　　4.6.2 Properties oflmmobilized EnzymesEnzymes are usually immobilized in particle or pellet form； but enzymes may be attached to， orentrapped within carriers in the form ofmembranes， tubes or fibers， based on the requirements of a givenapplication. In view of this， an immobilized enzyme may have different properties as compared to thesame enzyme in a free soluti　　n form. The method ofimmobilization and nature ofinsoluble carrier mayhave influence on the enzyme properties. The specific activity may reduce in the immobilized enzyme，particularly if a chemical process is involved in the immobilization method. The enzyme stability mayvary on heating or storage. The pH optimum can change by as much as two pH units for the immobilizedenzyme， mainly because ofthe new microenvironment as compared to the pure enzyme. 　　……?