道德情操论

出版时间：1970-1  出版社：世界图书出版公司  作者：斯密  页数：289  字数：423000  
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内容概要

　　本书是亚当·斯密的伦理学著作，他一生中共修订过六次。斯密从人类的情感和同情心出发，讨论了善恶、美丑、正义、责任等一系列概念，进而揭示出人类社会赖以维系、和谐发展的秘密。
在本书中，斯密继承了以《沉思录》为代表的斯多葛学派的道德哲学思想，把“内心平静”而不是“物质享乐”看作人生幸福的重要标志，将人性中利他和利己这两种本性有机地结合在一起，为之后出版的《国富论》奠定了道德哲学的基础。《道德情操论》相比《国富论》给西方世界带来的影响更为深远，它对于促进人类福利这一更大的社会目的起到了更为基本的作用，是市场经济良性运行不可或缺的“圣经”，堪称西方世界的《论语》。

书籍目录

1Part I
1.1Of the Sense of Propriety
1.1.1Of Sympathy
1.1.2Of the Pleasure of mutual
Sympathy
1.1.3Of the Manner in which we
judge of the Propriety or Im-
propriety of the Affections of
other Men, by their concord
or dissonance with out
own
1.1.4The same Subject
continued
1.1.5Of the amiable and
respectable Virtues
1.2Of the Degrees of the different Passions
which are consistent with Propriety
1.2.1Of the Passions which take
their origin from the Body
1.2.2Of those Passions which
take their origin from a partic-ular turn or habit of the
Imagination
1.2.3Of the Unsocial
Passions
1.2.4Of the Social
Passions
1.2.5Of the Selfish
Passions
1.3Of the Effects of Prosperity and
Adversity upon the Judgment
of Mankind with regard to the
Propriety of Action; and 'why it
is more easy to obtain their
Approbation in the one state than
in the other
1.3.1That though our sympathy
with Sorrow is generally a
more lively sensation than our
sympathy with Joy, it
commonly falls much more short
of the violence of what
is naturally felt by the person
principally concerned
1.3.2Of the origin of Ambition,
and of the distinction of Ranks
1.3.3Of the corruption of our
Moral Sentiments, which is oc-
casioned by this disposition to
admire the rich and the
great, and to despise or
neglect persons of poor and mean
condition
2Part II
2.1Of the Sense of Merit and Demerit
2.1.1That whatever appears to
be the proper object of grat-
itude, appears to deserve
reward; and that, in the same
manner, whatever appears to be
the proper object of resentment appears to deserve punishment
2.1.2Of the proper Objects of
Gratitude and Resentment
2.1.3That where there is no
approbation of the conduct of the
person who confers the benefit,
there is little sympathy,
with the gratitude of him who
receives it; and that, on the
contrary, where there is no
disapprobation of the motives
of the person who does the
mischief, there is no sort of
sympathy with the resentment of
him who suffers it
 2.1.4Recapitulation of the
foregoing Chapters
 2.1.5The Analysis of the Sense
of Merit and Demerit
2.2Of Justice and Beneficence
 2.2.1Comparison of those two
Virtues
 2.2.2. Of the sense of Justice, of
Remorse, and of the conscious-
 ness of Merit
 2.2.3Of the utility of this
constitution of Nature
2.3Of the Influence of Fortune upon the
Sentiments of Mankind,
 with regard to the Merit or Demerit of
Actions
 2.3.1Of the Causes of this
Influence of Fortune
 2.3.2Of the Extent of this
Influence of Fortune
 2.3.3Of the final cause of
this Irregularity of Sentiments
3 Part III
3.1Of the Principle of Self-approbation and of
Self-disapprobation
3.2Of the love of Praise, and of that of
Praise-worthiness; and of the dread of Blame,
and of that of Blame-worthiness
3.3Of the Influences and Authority of Conscience
3.4Of the Nature of Self-deceit, and of the Origin and
Use of general Rules
3.5Of the Influence and
Authority of the general Rules of Morality,
and that they are justly regarded as the
Laws of the Deity
3.6In what cases the Sense of
Duty ought to be the sole Principle
of our Conduct; and in what cases it ought
to concur with other
Motives
4Part IV
4.1Of the Beauty which the Appearance of
Utility bestows upon
all the Productions of Art, and of the
extensive Influence of this
Species of Beauty
4.2Of the Beauty which the Appearance of
Utility bestows upon
the Characters and Actions of Men; and how
far the Perception
of this Beauty may be regarded as one of
the original Principles
of Approbation
5 Part V
5.1Of the Influence of Custom and Fashion
upon our notions of
Beauty and Deformity
5.2Of the Influence of Custom and Fashion
upon Moral Sentiments
6 Part VI
6.1Of the Character of the Individual, so
far as it affects his own
Happiness; or of Prudence
6.2Of the Character of the Individual, so
far as it can affect the
Happiness of other People
6.2.1Of the Order in which
Individuals are recommended by
 Nature to our care and attention
6.2.2Of the Order in which
Societies are by nature recommended to our Beneficence
6.2.3Of Universal
Benevolence
6.3Of Self-command
7 Part VII
7.1Of the Questions which ought to be
examined in a Theory of
Moral Sentiments
7.2Of the different Accounts which have
been given of the Nature of Virtue
7.2.1Of those Systems which
make Virtue consist in Propriety
7.2.2Of those Systems which
make Virtue consist in Prudence
7.2.3Of those Systems which
make Virtue consist in Benevolence
7.2.4Of Licentious
Systems
7.3Of the Different Systems which have been
Formed Concerning
the Principle of Approbation
7.3.1Of those Systems which
deduce the Principle of Approbation from Self-love
7.3.2Of those Systems which
make Reason the Principle of Approbation
7.3.3Of those Systems which
make Sentiment the Principle of Approbation
7.4Of the Manner in which different Authors
have treated of the
practical Rules of Morality

章节摘录

　　Mankind, at the same time, have a very strong sense of the injuries that are done to another.　The villain, in a tragedy or romance, is as much the object of our indignation, as the hero is that of our sympathy and affection.We detest Iago as much as we esteem Othello; and delight as much in the punishment of the one, as we are grieved at the distress of the other.　But though mankind have so strong a fellow-feeling with the injuries that are done to their brethren, they do not always resent them the more that the sufferer appears to resent them. Upon most occasions, the greater his patience, his mildness, his humanity, provided it does not appear that he wants spirit, or that fear was the motive of his forbearance, the higher their resentment against the person who injured him.　The amiableness of the character exasperates their sense of the atrocity of the injury.　　These passions, however, are regarded as necessary parts of the character of human nature. A person becomes contemptible who tamely sits still, and submits to insults, without attempting either to repel or to revenge them. We cannot enter into his indifference and insensibility. we call his behaviour mean-spiritedness, and are as really provoked by it as by the insolence of his adversary.Even the mob are enraged to see any man submit patiently to affronts and ill usage. They desire to see this insolence resented, and resented by the person who suffers from it.　They cry to him with fury, to defend, or to revenge himself.If his indignation rouses at last, they heartily applaud, and sympathize with it. It enlivens their own indignation against his enemy, whom they rejoice to see him attack in his turn, and are as really gratified by his revenge, provided it is not immoderate, as if the injury had been done to themselves.　　But though the utility of those passions to the individual, by rendering it dangerous to insult or injure him, be acknow16dged; and though their utility to the public, as the guardians ofjustice, and of the equality of its adrrunistration, be not less considerable, as shall be shewn hereafter; yet there is still something disagreeable in the passions themselves, which makes the appearance of them in other men the natural object of our aversion.　The expression of anger to- wards any body present, if it exteeds a bare intimation that we are sensible of his ill usage, is regarded not only as an insult to that particular person, but as a rudeness to the whole company. Respect for them ought to have restrained us from giving way to so boisterous and offensive an emotion. It is the remote effccts of these passions which are agreeable; the immediate effects are mischief to the person against whom they are directed. But it is the immediate, and not the remote effects of objects which render them agreeable or disagreeable to the imagination. A prison is certainly more useful to the public than a palace; and the person who founds the one is generally directed by a much juster spirit of patriotism, than he who builds the other.　But the immediate effects of a prison, the confinement of the wretches shut up in it, are disagreeable; and the imagination either does not take time to trace out the remote ones, or sees them at too great a distance to be much affected by them. A prison, therefore, will always be a disagreeable object; and the fitter it is for the purpose for which it was intended, it will be the more so. A palace, on the contrary, will always be agreeable; yet its remote effects may often be inconvenient to the public. It may serve to promote luxury, and set the example of the dissolution of manners. Its immediate effects, however, the conveniency, the pleasure, and the gaiety of the people who live in it, being all agreeable, and suggesting to the imagination a thousand agreeable ideas, that faculty generally rests upon them, and seldom goes further in tracing its more distant consequences. Tro- phies of the instruments of music or of agriculture, imitated in painting or instucco, make a common and an agreeable ornament of our halls and dining- rooms. A trophy of the same kind, composed of the instruments of surgery, of dissecting and amputation-knives, of saws for cutting the bones, of trepan-ning instruments, etc. would be absurd and shocking. Instruments of surgery, however, are always more finely polished, and generally more nicely adapted to the purposes for which they are intended, than instruments of agriculture. The remote effects of them too, the health of the patient, is agreeable; yet as the immediate effect of them is pain and suffering, the sight of'them always displeases us. Instruments of war are agreeable, though their immediate effect may seem to be in the same manner pain and suffering. But then it is the pain and suffering of our enemies, with whom we have no sympathy. With regard to us, they are immediately connected with the agreeable ideas of courage, vic-tory, and honour. They are themselves, therefore, supposed to make one of the noblest parts of dress, and the imitation of them one of the finest ornaments of architecture. It is the same case with the qualities of the mind.　The an- cient stoics were of opinion, that as the world was governed by the all-ruling providence of a wise, powerful, and good God, every single event ought to be regarded, as making a necessary part of the plan of the universe, and as tending to promote the general order and happiness of the whole: that the vices and follies of mankind, therefore, made as necessary a part of this plan as their wisdom or their virtue; and by that eternal art which educes good from ill, were made to tend equally to the prosperity and perfection of the great system of nature. No speculation of this kind, however, how deeply soever it might be rooted in the mind, could diminish our natural abhorrence for vice, whose immediate effects are so destructive, and whose remote ones are too distant to be traced by the imagination.　　……

用户评论 (总计59条)

•   亚当斯密的作品， 非常棒。 道德情操论（上海世图--名著典藏 英文全本 英国学术经典卷，总销售册数突破300万册！！！）
•   温总理、周国平推荐的书，《国富论》的经典，斯密的《道德情操论》很值得一看！
•   和国富论一起同为亚当斯密的两大巨著，其意义不下雨国富论。读国富论，必读道德情操论。
•   质量也不错。《道德情操论》现在正在看呢，哈哈，这回周末有打发时间的东西啦~~~
•   道德情操论，买来补补脑
•   全英文，考验阅读能力了
•   全英文，有点吓人
•   经典之作，学术经典，值得拜读。
•   英文要好好学，学到极致才好，，，
•   有点压力 都是英文 挺好的 有利于学习英文
•   英文的，嚓。。。。。
•   还没读完，读了中文版的，有点涩，英文的读者略难。我英语太差了。
•   经典之作，期待翻阅。
•   准备慢慢研读，经典之作
•   选择英语 所以选择阅读经典
•   经典的书，不用多说。
•   很好的一本书，原来都没好好读过，货到手后很兴奋。要订下详细的阅读计划才行
•   这本书，非常满意
•   培养语感，纯粹作死
•   在新东方听课，老师推荐的，真的不错，没删改，赶上有活动很值。
•   非常好的书，质量上乘，内容充实。
•   送货速度比较快，书印刷质量不错
•   书籍纸张一般化但内容值得一读！
•   物流速度还是蛮快的 书的纸张差了一点
•   很精美的书。。喜欢。。
•   慢慢看咯
•   四天前订的，现在还在配货！！！！！
•   GOOD````
•   包装还是蛮不错的，纸张也还行。内容还没读，不好说什么。反正挺满意的~
•   读起来很困难，但有助于培养语感
•   书很精致 就是个人觉得排版过于紧促，看得眼睛疼
•   不愧是温家宝推荐，可是里面有很多道理不需要大师推理我们就知道，但为什么小悦悦就死了呢
•   读原著，学原理。
  纸张、装订都挺好，这个价很值了！
•   书还不错，昨天刚收到，还没来得及细看
  只是没想到还是硬壳书
•   内容很不错，还是全英的。很有用。
•   还行吧！还是读原文好！
•   老师推荐的，很不错。每天读一点，有收获
•   非常不错的书~斯密的另一本书，虽然常被忽视
•   英文，为了节约纸张，字体小了一点，行间距太小。也就这样吧，毕竟价格还合适。
•   虽然是硬皮的，但是算不上是精装！封面和内页的用纸都比较差，拿在手里像山寨货！印刷也是一般般了，字比较小。也许是为了节省成本吧。封面的设计听好看的。
  
  但是这个价格能读到名著原版，性价比很高！
  
  希望能出真正的精装版，用于收藏的！
•   这本书送来的时候为封就被撕了，弄的很脏，四个角都翘了，不过书是好书，便宜，纸张虽然不是很好，但内容很经典
•   只是三部中的一部买时没看清
•   还没打开，到外表还不错
•   东西很不错，价格也给力。呵呵。
•   还没好好看。。句子很长。。。
•   图书包装还不错，只是里面的纸张有点差强人意了，还有就是排版字体略显小了一点，要是能提高一下就更好了
•   温总理放在床头的书，希望有所启发
•   书很新，带塑料封皮，很干净，不过印刷字体小了些
•   密密麻麻比较挤的感觉，非精装
•   看了还是不错的
•   不错，实惠，就是封面有点丑陋，显示不出古韵来。
•   不知道有没有毅力看完。。
•   好书送人的，此版内容还很全。
•   它……………………的封皮和书本身分了家 希望下次注意书的质量- -
  我主要是看了中文版觉得很拗口才买了原版 冲内容去的 所以包装不太好不影响吧
•   早上收到书，打开一看装订有问题，封胶开裂，但暂时不会影响阅读
•   完善自己的价值观
•   需要点精力去理解英文版了
•   书本封皮有尘土，很脏。好像放在仓底很久了知道今天才拿出来一样。虽然也是新书，可是希望不要让购买的人把书买回来还要对书进行清洁工作。总体上还行。
•   纸张泛黄，书都压坏了！