理解诗歌

出版时间：2004-11  出版社：外语教学与研究出版社  作者：Cleanth Brooks,Robert Penn Warren  页数：595  
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内容概要

　　《理解诗歌（第4版）》是美国大学文学系广为采用的教科书，也是新批评派的代表作。它对理解英语英语诗歌做了全面、系统的处理，强调文本细读的方法，注重诗歌结构和语义分析，对中国读者具有重要意义。

作者简介

沃伦，美国密歇根州的城市，北与底特律城相邻。是底特律郊外住宅及工业城市。人口16.1万。1955年建城后发展迅速，1960—1970年间人口增加了一倍。重要的汽车制造中心，还生产钢、电气器材、机床等。沃伊肯尼亚南部城镇，在塔伊塔山东麓。重要铁路枢纽。蒙巴萨—乌干达铁路干线经此，支线通卡亥连接坦桑尼亚铁路系统。坦桑尼亚东北部部分外贸物资经此出蒙巴萨港。紧靠察沃国家公园。有航空站。沃什湾英国英格兰东部临北海的浅水湾。长35公里，宽24公里。有威士姆、韦兰特、尼尼和乌斯等河流注入。沿岸主要港口有波士顿和金斯林。

书籍目录

Preface iPETRY AS A WAY OF SAYING1 DRAMATIC SITUATION2 DESCRIPTION: IMAGES, MOODS, AND ATTITUDES3 TONE4 ANALOGICAL LANGUAGE: METAPHOR AND SYMBOL5 THEME, MEANING, AND DRAMATIC STRUCTURE6 AOOKUCATIONS: THE POET LOOKS AT A BIRD7 POEMS FOR STUDY8 REPRESENTATIVE POEMS OF OUR TIMEAPPENDIX AHOW POEMS COME ABOUT: INTENTION AND MEANINGAPPENDIX BMETRICSAPPENDIX CMETAPHOR AND SYMBOLCOMPARED AND CONTRASTEDAPPENDIX DPARODIES

章节摘录

　　The poem begins with a lilting rhythm appropriate to the joyful occasion。 The beacons have been lighted up and down the land* in celebration of the half-century of order， prosperity， and power specified in Tennyson’s “On the Jubilee，” and far and wide people are singing the national anthem： “God Save the Queen。” But something occurs in the second stanza of Housman’s poem that provides a key to the attitude the poet really holds： it is the shift in feeling that occurs when we move from line 6 to lines 7 and 8：　　Because ’tis fifty years tonight　　That God has saved the Queen。　　“God Save the Queen” is a phrase out of a ritual， a phrase gramatically petrified， as it were。 We are， therefore， momentarily shocked to hear it suddenly fitted into a matter-of-fact statement， with the change of tense and the other syntactical adjustments that take it out of ritual and into commonplace statement。 The effect is a little like that of seeing a priest， clad in his ritual garments， suddenly take the heavily embroidered maniple from his arm and begin to use it as if it were an ordinary towel-which it was originally before it was divorced from workaday chores and formalized into a band of embroidered cloth。　　The poet， of course， wants to give shock here， a shock which in this poem is not playful but sobering。 Indeed， we could argue that the rest of the poem is devoted to working out the implications of this forcing of a ritual phrase into ordinary grammar。 In short， the poem may be described as a realistic and ironic examination of the real meaning of “God Save the Queen”words often uttered on such occasions glibly and without thought。　　God may indeed have saved the Queen， but He seems to have used ordinary human beings as His chosen instruments。 The British infantryman， the lads of the Fifty-third Regiment （line 28）， those who have not come home to celebrate the jubilee but lie in lonely graves in Africa or Asia， are， in their absence， mute testimony to this fact。　　What Housman is doing in his jubilee poem comes out clearly when we compare it with Tennyson’s straightforward praise of the Queen in his laureate poem。 Tennyson， of course， would not have denied that Englishmen had perished to make Victoria empress， or that blood had been shed to build the empire and to guarantee the “ever-broadening Commerce” of which the poet laureate sings。 But he evidently did not feel it appropriate to mention the fact on this occasion。 Tennyson's tone in his jubilee poem is calm， deferential to the crown， even almost reverential， as he praises Victoria for what she has accomplished。 To be sure， as the poem closes he does sound more ominous notes。 He asks， “Are there thunders moaning in the distance？i’ But he expects these “thunders” to pass， and the ominous “spectres” to vanish。　　Housman， on the other hand， has clearly abjured the laureate tone： he is realistic and ironic。 Some readers might even regard him as irreverent。Notice lines 11-13， where he turns aside from the gerieral celebration to say， “Lads， we'll remember friends of ours / Who shared the work （of saving the Queen） with God。” The irreverence becomes even more pointed in the next stanza when the poet ironically echoes the words with which Christ was mocked on the cross： “He saved others， himself he cannot save。” Are the young British soldiers who did not come back here being compared to Christ？ In one sense， at least， they are： they gave themselves to save the Queen， and the ultimate terms of that service entailed not being able to save themselves。　　Did Housman， then， regard the young British soldiers as innocent dupes？ Did he deplore the wars in which they perished？ He has left it on record* that he did not， and it is possible to read the last stanza of the poem， not as a bitter irony but as a genuine exhortation to the living Englishmen to beget the breed of men who， in spite of the human cost，will cheerfully， as their fathers did， serve the Queen in peace and war。　　Nevertheless， the difference in tone between Tennyson’s poem and Housman's is sharply defined。 Tennyson pretty well confines himself to counting up the blessings that Victoria’s reign has provided， Housman， on the other hand， makes his primary concern on this occasion honoring those who did not come backt 'to joiYn the other veterans now loyally singing “God Save the Queen。” At the least， Housman’s poem is aware of the bitter human cost of prosperity and glory。　　We may get further help in defining the precise tone of Housman's “188T’ by comparing it with another jubilee poem， that written by Rudyard Kipling on the occasion of Victoria's diamond jubilee， which was celebratedin 1897， the sixtieth year of her reign。 　　Recessional　　RudyardKipling 〔1865-1936〕　　God of our fathers， known of old，　　Lord of our far-flung battle-line，　　Beneath whose awful hand we hold　　Domuuon over palm and pine-　　Lord God of Hosts， be with us yet，　　Lest we forget-lest we forget！　　The tumult and the shouting dies；　　The captains and the kings depart：　　Still stands Thine ancient sacrifice，　　An humble and a contrite heart。　　Lord God of Hosts， be with us yet，　　Lest we forget-lest we forget！　　Far-called， our navies melt away；　　On dune and headland sinks the fire：　　Lo， all our pomp of yesterday　　Is one with Nineveh and Tyre！　　Judge of the Nations， spare us yet，　　Lest we forget-lest we forget！　　If， drunk with sight of power， we loose　　Wild tongues that have not Thee in awe，　　Such boastings as the Gentiles use，　　Or lesser breeds without the Law——　　Lord God of Hosts， be with us yet，　　Lest we forget-lest we forget！　　For heathen heart that puts her trust　　In reeking tube and iron shard，　　A11 valiant dust that builds on dust，　　And， guarding， calls not Thee to guard，　　For frantic boast and foolish word——　　Thy Mercy on Thy People， Lordf！　　The immediate occasion of this poem is the aftermath of the jubilee。The kings and commanders and high dignitaries have come and gone， and the speaker， as he refiects on the display of pomp and power that has just ended， is moved to utter a prayer that his countrymen may not fall into the sin of pride and overweening self-trust。 Lines 9-10 refer， by the way，to Psalm 51， verse 17： “The sacrifices of God are a broken spirit： a broken and a contrite heart， O God， thou wilt not despise。” Here follow a few notes： Line 16： Nineveh was a capital of the ancient empire of Assyria；Tyre， the capital of ancient Phoenicia， which， like Great Britain， was a great sea power； line 21： Gentiles means literally non-Jews； the suggestion here is that the British may feel themselves to be， like the Israelites， a chosen people。　　……

编辑推荐

本书是美国大学文学系广为采用的教科书，也是新批评派的代表作。它对理解英语英语诗歌做了全面、系统的处理，强调文本细读的方法，注重诗歌结构和语义分析，对中国读者具有重要意义。

用户评论 (总计32条)

•   看看卓越的作者介绍，就知道卓越的工作人员多有文化了！汗||||| ：-----------------------------------------------------------------作者简介沃伦，美国密歇根州的城市，北与底特律城相邻。是底特律郊外住宅及工业城市。人口16.1万。1955年建城后发展迅速，1960—1970年间人口增加了一倍。重要的汽车制造中心，还生产钢、电气器材、机床等。沃伊肯尼亚南部城镇，在塔伊塔山东麓。重要铁路枢纽。蒙巴萨—乌干达铁路干线经此，支线通卡亥连接坦桑尼亚铁路系统。坦桑尼亚东北部部分外贸物资经此出蒙巴萨港。紧靠察沃国家公园。有航空站。沃什湾英国英格兰东部临北海的浅水湾。长35公里，宽24公里。有威士姆、韦兰特、尼尼和乌斯等河流注入。沿岸主要港口有波士顿和金斯林。
•   书中有大量诗歌素材，整理的尚可，每首诗后提出了不少问题（有基本的也有困难的）。我认为分析的部分相对较少，初学者看可能有困难，另外这是一家之言，并没有系统全面的介绍诗歌批评流派等等。大家自行斟酌、各取所需。
•   这本书是英文的吗？好象没看到中文方面的介绍啊。
•   非常喜欢的是 基本上经典的英诗都有收入在内，数量上非常丰富，每一章后还有补充的集选，导读以及思考问题，很喜欢很喜欢，我虽然不是这个专业的，但是觉得也很受用。美中不足的就是，纸张真的非常差，人家国外的书籍都是用再生纸印刷的，很环保，既然是引进版，用的不是再生纸，那为什么不用点好纸？跟盗版纸张一样，而且价格非常贵。
•   书的内容很不错，值得细细读~但是拿到手的时候书压得到处都是褶皱，边缘还破了点儿。在北京一个书店里看到8折新书没有买，以为卓越上会更便宜，所以回来才买，没想到竟然8.3折，并且运送过来的时候还那么烂。物品外包装是完好的，所以拿的时候没有开箱检查，拿到手没想里面还是不成样子了~这事儿办得实在说不过去！
•   刚收到……书本好像被人踩了一脚似地，封皮不用说，内页有几张上面有污痕，纸张看上去也不甚舒服……整体上感觉很廉价。内容大致看了一下，不错，分析很中规中矩……对于应试应该很有帮助……
•   纯英文的内容让本以是诗的原文更真实
•   还是有点旧了，第五版早已出了
•   发货很快，质量也很好。
•   不错值得购买，内容和难度合适。
•   看完作者的序言就知道此书必属佳作。虽说具体的诗和词也许有各家之言，但总体来说，此书的介绍浅显易懂、系统完整，是英诗入门和进阶的好选择。
•   喜欢 理解诗歌(第4版)
•   不一样的视角看诗歌，书中提出很多问题帮助理解，还不错。据说是美国大学的诗歌教程。
•   還沒看，不過是在國外學報上看到推薦的
•   还算不错，就是纸质有点差劲，是英文版的
•   这本书就不用说了，于《理解小说》一样，都是关于英美新批评的经典著作。书收到的时候，有一点点瑕疵，有点皱；但总体上说，书包装还是很完整的，纸张质量也不错；适合英美文学专业的高年级学生阅读。
•   学术性强，对搞科研的读者和学者适用。
•   还没有认真看，得留到暑假了。不过感觉不错，正版书，摸着厚实，舒服，哈哈哈！题外话，第一次评论，各位慢慢聊吧！
•   还没看，但很喜欢这书，是美国文学教材，值得一看！
•   　　内容浅显，但是贵在侧重文本分析，让诗歌回归诗歌本身。
  　　
  　　可以让中国传统英语文学教学模式下的读者，学到一种新的真正的理解分析和欣赏诗歌的角度。
  　　
  　　比较适合英语专业高年级或者研究生低年级。
  　　
  　　
  　　
  　　
•   　　William Wordsworth said “Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings”. It’s simple, sensuous and passionate. Sometimes we may find that our mind and soul are starved in the indifferent world. But when you read a poem revealing present emotions, you suddenly find that you are not shut up in your little lot. Instead, someone out there, under the same silent far-off heavens is sharing the same passionate desires, the delicate sadness, and the heart-biting sufferings with you. They are the best human consolations for your sentimentality. As for me, poetry is the long-pent feelings which flow out like irresistible streams when the one smile at me. Poetry is the numerous sighs and silent words whispered by my inner self when I miss the one deeply deeply in the pinch dark night. It’s the feeling when I stare at the azure sky, suddenly lost in the ethereal nothingness, forlorn and lonely like an outcast of this bustling world. If indeed there is some craziness in these poetic souls, I want to be crazy with them to burn out the passions, sorrows, and thrillingness. At least it’s much better than to be an empty, indifferent living corpse.
  　　
  　　I William Shakespeare
  　　Tomorrow, and tomorrow, and tomorrow - Macbeth
  　　Tomorrow, and tomorrow, and tomorrow,
  　　Creeps in this petty pace from day to day
  　　To the last syllable of recorded time,
  　　And all our yesterdays have lighted fools
  　　The way to dusty death. Out, out, brief candle!
  　　Life's but a walking shadow, a poor player
  　　That struts and frets his hour upon the stage
  　　And then is heard no more: it is a tale
  　　Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury,
  　　Signifying nothing.
  　　
  　　Macbeth has found his own surprisingly stoic and accepting way to resign to the barren futility of life. How about us? If all is pretending, all is hypocrisy, if we can’t love the one we love, can’t reveal our true feelings, what does these endless stretching life really mean? Life can be dotted with numerous pains and struggles, but I just want to be true to my heart, to trudge through this long journey together with the one I love. No matter how many hardships may bob up, the destination would be- tender happiness.
  　　
  　　II Excerpted from Fatima
  　　Alfred, Lord Tennyson （1809-1892）
  　　O Love, Love, Love! O withering might!
  　　O sun, that from thy noonday height
  　　Shudderest when I strain my sight,
  　　Throbbing thro' all thy heat and light,
  　　Lo, falling from my constant mind,
  　　Lo, parch'd and wither'd, deaf and blind,
  　　I whirl like leaves in roaring wind.
  　　…
  　　Last night, when some one spoke his name,
  　　From my swift blood that went and came
  　　A thousand little shafts of flame
  　　Were shiver'd in my narrow frame.
  　　O Love, O fire! once he drew
  　　With one long kiss my whole soul thro'
  　　My lips, as sunlight drinketh dew.
  　　…
  　　My whole soul waiting silently,
  　　All naked in a sultry sky,
  　　Droops blinded with his shining eye:
  　　I will possess him or will die.
  　　I will grow round him in his place,
  　　Grow, live, die looking on his face,
  　　Die, dying clasp'd in his embrace.
  　　
  　　I do appreciate all the images and symbols in this poem. The passionate and burning feelings gush from the words and rhythms continuously. The powerless lady is poisoned by her desire for love. The charm of her lover swallows her heart and soul. But if the lover never comes back, how can she resist her own destructing passion, how will she bury the emptiness in her deep heart? Poor hunted soul!
  　　
  　　III Heart, We Will Forget Him
  　　Emily Dickinson 1830 - 1886
  　　Heart, we will forget him,
  　　You and I, tonight!
  　　You must forget the warmth he gave,
  　　I will forget the light.
  　　
  　　When you have done pray tell me,
  　　Then I, my thoughts, will dim.
  　　Haste! ‘lest while you’re lagging
  　　I may remember him!
  　　
  　　Why do I always miss thee, I know not. I’ve tried to cast your away, but it is all in vain. If my yearning can never get echo from your heart, if my missing is destined to fill each and every day of my life, I’m willing to bear it, in this suffocating silence, under control of my mind!
  　　
  　　IV When I Have Fears
  　　John Keats. 1795-1821
  　　When I have fears that I may cease to be
  　　Before my pen has glean'd my teeming brain,
  　　Before high-piled books, in charactery,
  　　Hold like rich garners the full ripen'd grain;
  　　When I behold, upon the night's starr'd face,
  　　Huge cloudy symbols of a high romance,
  　　And think that I may never live to trace
  　　Their shadows, with the magic hand of chance;
  　　And when I feel, fair creature of an hour,
  　　That I shall never look upon thee more,
  　　Never have relish in the faery power
  　　Of unreflecting love;--then on the shore
  　　Of the wide world I stand alone, and think
  　　Till love and fame to nothingness do sink.
  　　
  　　Poor Kears! He addressed this poem to an imagined love, but never could marry the actual girl with whom he was in love. He asked someone to inscribe on his tombstone: “Here lies one whose name was writ in water.” Ah, his life is floating in water, with his passions, love, sorrow, dream, sentimentality, forever…
  　　
  　　V Rain Before Dawn
  　　F. Scott Fitzgerald
  　　
  　　The dull, faint patter in the drooping hours
  　　Drifts in upon my sleep and fills my hair
  　　With damp; the burden of the heavy air
  　　Is strewn upon me where my tired soul cowers,
  　　Shrinking like some lone queen in empty towers
  　　Dying. Blind with unrest I grow aware:
  　　The pounding of broad wings drifts down the stair
  　　And sates me like the heavy scent of flowers.
  　　
  　　I lie upon my heart. My eyes like hands
  　　Grip at the soggy pillow. Now the dawn
  　　Tears from her wetted breast the splattered blouse
  　　Of night; lead-eyed and moist she straggles o'er the lawn,
  　　Between the curtains brooding stares and stands
  　　Like some drenched swimmer -- Death's within the house!
  　　
  　　Rain, tears, fear, loneliness, in the long, white night, the soul cowers in the little dark corner. What will you feel if you can’t fall asleep in the dead of night? Are you insane, are you dead or are you lost in your own world? Just a smile, just a whisper would be enough to awaken the lone queen. Out, out! the death of night, before the dawn breaks, let the rain patter like melody, let me fall into peaceful, calm, tender silence—my balanced soul.
  　　……
  　　……
  　　
•   我就是低年级的英语专业研究生，但读这本书中的诗歌还是很吃力啊，手边总要放本词典，有的还要去网上查相关的信息，不然有的诗根本读不懂。比如惠特曼那首“Battle of the Bonhomme Richard and the Serapis",看来还是学力尚浅啊！
•   我是中文系的，但是因为毕业论文写当代诗歌，导师要求读这本书，这书有没有中译版啊？
•   我觉得诗歌的魅力就在于每一个词语都是唯一不可替代的。所以读者本书的时候，手边总要放一本英英词典，稍有不确定词义的词就有查一下。我想，这也是翻译的难处所在吧。《理解小说》那本倒是中文译本，不过刚读第一篇就发现有句话不理解。后来不得不忍痛又买了本原版的，发现那个句子，原文的表述其实并不难理解。好翻译难寻啊！
•   这本书是不错,还有一本就是<<理解小说>> 我一起买的,虽然现在换工作了,但对英美文学的爱变的更有怀旧的亲切,不过我觉得这本书最好不要翻译,因为任何翻译都会破坏.也不难,应该都能看懂
•   这本书我在看。说实话，看的比较吃力。我是说看那些诗歌比较吃力，要查不少生词。但是我发觉这样暗合了这本书的宗旨，就是文本细读。所以，我虽然读的很慢，可就是因为读得慢，所以感觉上对诗的理解和感受就比较多。我现在快看完第一章了。另外想说的就是，咱们的翻译实在太不行了。
•   刚到手，希望物有所值
•   刚开始欣赏诗歌， 各位前辈，能细说赏析诗歌的步骤吗？或者推荐入门级书。 我现在想了解诗歌的基本要素：rymthm ryme metre foot tone 等，最好有中文解释。
•   去买了来读～
•   怎么记得有节译本，还对照着读过，死活想不起来叫什么名字了
•   大学在读的时候，知道这是本好书，新批评学派的细读方法，在国内似乎还没有多少学者能够确实做到的。曾试图将这本书翻译出来，大二的暑假用了一暑假，却只把序言翻完，后来又借阅过多次，却仍未能将翻译继续下去。优秀的译者几乎全部死去，只能凭着自个去努力了。
•   欧美新批评声势浩大，一度在学院里掌握霸权，被尊为正统。现在几十年过去了还难以摆脱其影响。 只希望在学到这一批评策略的同时，也能兼顾其他的批评方法吧。