明喻和暗喻的认知动态研究

出版时间：2011-4  出版社：郭爱萍 四川大学出版社 (2011-04出版)  作者：郭爱萍  页数：235  

内容概要

　　在我们使用的语言中“比较”几乎无处不在，“明喻”和“隐喻”正是学者们赐予“比较”这一极为普通的语言现象的两个学名。对明喻和隐喻的研究历史悠久，在欧洲可以追溯到古希腊时代，甚至更早。不过对一般的语言使用者来说，在进行比较时用明喻还是用隐喻完全是一个自发的，可以说是无意识的选择，很少有人会在使用前先认真想一想该用明喻还是隐喻，只有学者们才会设法对这种看上去是无意识的选择作出合理的解释。在我的学生时代，老师对这两者的区别所给的解释是“用like或as的就是明喻，否则就是隐喻”，当然这只是个高度简单化的、最最表层的识别方式。在这两个学名下面隐藏着许多亟待有识之士去挖掘和发现的真理。本书的作者郭爱萍女士便是其中之一。　　对于明喻和隐喻的异同，学界存在两种相反的观点，即两者或同或异，但本书作者却赞同异同论。不过这并不是折中主义的立场，作者认为对明喻或隐喻的选择是语言使用者心理活动的结果，而影响这个心理活动过程的是一系列相关因素，包括语言的和使用者个人的心理认知方面的因素。为了给自己的论点寻找支持，作者对三百多名大学生进行了问卷调查，并做了定量分析以证明这些因素的存在以及它们对比较方式的选择所起的作用。

作者简介

郭爱萍(1967-)，女，山西太原人。先后就读于山西大学、西安交通大学和上海外国语大学，获英语语言文学博士学位。现任太原理工大学外国语学院外国语言文学研究所所长、副教授，硕士生导师。主要从事的研究领域为对比语言学和认知语言学。近五年来在《外语教学》、《山东外语教学》等外语类核心刊物发表论文十余篇，出版《普通语言学》专著一部，参编普通高等教育“十一五”国家级规划教材两部，主持及参与国家级、省部级科研项目十余项，并获省邵级科研奖两项。

书籍目录

AbStract 摘要Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Impetus of the study 1.2 Assumptions about simile and metaphor1.3 Purpose and rationale of the study1.4 Theoretical foundation of the studv1.5 Research methodology1.6 The organization of the dissertationChapter 2 Definitions of Simile and Metaphor and Some Related Notions2.1 Definitions of simile and metaphor2.1.1Simile in relation to metaphor2.1.2Simile as a version of metaphor2.2 Different names for topic and vehicle 2.3 Typical and atypical structures 2.4Identification of simile and metaphor2.5 SummaryChapter 3 Comparison between Simile,Metaphor and Their Literal Counterparts3.1 Indirect process and direct processChapter 4 A Sruvey of the Relationship between Simile and MetaphorChapter 5 Research DescriptionChapter 6 Experiments and Analyses

章节摘录

版权页：插图：The distinction between simile and metaphor is among the oldestand most widely recognized issues in rhetorical theory. It is also one ofthe most tenuous. For many analysts it is, in fact, a distinction almostwithout a difference. As Aristotle puts it in his Rhetoric （III, 4）, "thesimile also is a metaphor ... the difference is but slight" （see Braun,1992）.  Traditionally,  what difference there is has been seen as amatter of form: a simile, so the story goes, simply makes explicit whata metaphor merely implies. Since the difference between the two isapparently so superficial, theorists have tended to define one figure interms of the other.  Most of the modern-day dictionaries adopt suchviews in the definition of simile and metaphor.Take Webster's New World Dictionary.  It defines simile as "afigure of speech in which one thing is likened to another dissimilarthing by the use of like, as, etc. "（p. 1250）, and a metaphor as "afigure of speech containing an implied comparisons, in which a wordor phrase ordinarily and primarily used of one thing is applied toanother"（p. 852） .Richards, J. Platt and H. Platt （1992）,  in their LongmanDictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics,  definesimile as an expression in which something is compared to somethingelse by use of a function word such as like or as, and a metaphor as acomparison without such words.These definitions, which are fairly typical of what one finds indictionaries  and  rhetorical  handbooks,   share  some  commoncharacteristics. One is that both are expressions that use words not intheir literal sense but to produce a fanciful or vivid impression. Theother is that both of them involve some form of comparison, a certain.

编辑推荐

《明喻和暗喻的认知动态研究》是博士外语学术专著金黄色系列之一。

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•   本书为作者博士论文，列入“博士外语学术专著金黄色系列”。明喻和暗喻是修辞学的两个术语，在这里作者将其置入心理语言学的大范畴之下进行研究。作者采用实证法证明后，提出明喻和暗喻的异同是多元素——谓词的类型、本喻体的相似度等共同作用的结果。基于此，作者认为，明喻和暗喻虽有不同的特点，但二者之间的界限较模糊，具有一定的互换性；因此，二者之间的对立并非非此即彼的二元对立，而是一种共处同样连续体中的对立，即分别为该连续体的两个方面。借用认知语言学“原型”术语，作者独创性地提出“原型性明喻”和“原型性隐喻”及其位于中间地带的“边缘性明喻”和“边缘性隐喻”。这种动态的观点对现有异同论做了必要的补充和完善，具有一定的理论价值。读者对象：外语相关专业研究人员。