第七届草食动物营养国际学术研讨会论文集

出版时间：2007-9  出版社：中国农业大学出版社  作者：孟庆翔，任丽萍，曹志军　主编  页数：603  字数：798000  

内容概要

　　《第七届草食动物营养国际学术研讨会文集》 is my pleasure to welcome you to The
Seventh International Symposium on the Nutrition of Herbivores
（ISNH-7）. The objectives of the International AdvisoryCommittee
（IAC） are "to provide a forum for development， exchange and
promotionof knowledge on the nutrition of terrestrial herbivores in
captive and free-livingenvironments". Managing herbivores in
commercial and wildlife systems is aboutmore than simply meeting
nutrient requirements or manipulating production throughnutrition，
important as that is. The meeting traverses a spectrum of research
whichadvances the nutritional sciences through novel molecular
approaches to problemswhile promoting their application in the
management of the productivity and healthof herbivores and the
mitigation their impact on the environment. Increasingly， thehuman
health benefits and otherwise of animal food products are a
consumerconcern and special recognition of the opportunities to
enhance food quality throughanimal nutrition is a new feature of
the scope of the plenary programme.
　　In the current global environment herbivores, because of their
unique digestivesystems, come under intense scrutiny for their
"contribution to greenhouse" gases.What often goes unstated is
their ability to harvest biomass otherwise unavailable asa human
food source without inputs of fossil fuel an attribute which surely
securestheir importance for the future well-being of mankind.
　　The breadth of scientific expertise at this conference is a
unique feature of theSymposium Series. Make the most of it, and
enjoy the kindness and culture of ourhosts.
　　In this volume, you can find the plenary papers and poster
abstracts presented atISNH-7. The 6-page short papers have been
published in the Journal of Animal Feedand Sciences, as special
issue （Volume 16, Supplement 2, 2007）.
　　On behalf of the International Advisory Committee, we wish to
thank TheChinese Association of Animal Science and Veterinary
Medicine （CAAV） fororganizing this symposium in Beijing. The
committee members also express theirspecial appreciation to Dr
Qingxiang Meng and his colleagues at the ChinaAgricultural
University to whom we are indebted for their magnificent work
duringthe last 4 years in bringing this scientific programme and
conference together.　 Finally, we wish to thank all the
participants at the symposium for theircomments, questions and
criticisms. Their input has resulted in significantimprovements in
the papers presented in this symposium.

书籍目录

Plenary Papers
SESSION 1: The Role of Herbivores in Mixed/Integrated Agriculture
and Agro-Forestry Systems in Asian Countries
1. Herbivores in integrated agriculture and agro-forestry in Asia.
J.K. Ha, J.B. Liang,M. Eslami S.D. Upadhaya
2. Nutrient supply and digestion in indigenous herbivores in China:
yaks. B. Xue,S.J. Liu, X.Q. Zhao, L.H. Hu, X.T. Han
3. Forage, crop and tree residues integrated with herbivore
production in some Asian regions. Q.X. Meng, D.X. Lu, J.X. Liu,
X.X. Wang, L.P. Ren
SESSION 2: Gastrointestinal Microbial Ecology in Herbivores
4. Molecular approaches to study bacterial diversity and function
in the intestinal tract.R.1. Mackie, I.K.O. Cann, E. Zoetenda, E.
Forano
5. Recent advances in microbial ecology of protozoa and fungi in
the rumen of herbivores. H. Itabashi H. Matsui
6. Diversity of methanogens and their Interactions with other
microorganisms in methanogenesis in the rumen.W.Y. Zhu, S.Y. Mao,
J.X. Liu, Y. F. Cheng, M.F. lqba, J.K. Wang
SESSION 3: Assimilation of Carbohydrates and Nitrogen in the
Herbivore Intestine
7. The advances in dietary protein and carbohydrate nutrition and
the microbial diversity and genomics of the rumen bacteria. D.O.
Krause, J.C. Plaizier, G. T. Attwood
8. Protein metabolism in the herbivore gut: old and new
perspectives. R.J. Wallace,N. D. Walker
SESSION 4: Breeding and Utilization of Forage and Grass in
Herbivores
9. Molecular breeding for the genetic improvement of forage plants.
G.C. Spangenberg,J.W. Forster, T. Sawbridge, D. Edwards, U. John,
A. Mouradov, K.F. Smith
10. Bacterial genome mining to advance enzymology for plant cell
wall degradation.1.K.O. Cann, D. Dodd, S. K. Nair, R. I. Mackie, A.
Spies
11. Improving genotypes and understanding phenotypes: breeding
forages for livestock and the environment. M.K. Theodorou, T.
Abberton, A. Kingston-Smith, M. O.Humphreys
SESSION 5: Novel Development in Herbivore Nutrition: Molecular and
Cellular Aspects
12. Host and intestinal microbiota negotiations in the context of
animal growth efficiency. H. Rex Gaskins
13. Diet and physiological state influence gene expression in
herbivores. L Cassar-Malek, C. Leroux, D. Gruffat, M. Bonnet, L.
Bernard, D. Morgavi, Y.Chilliard, J.F. Hocquette
SESSION 6: Stress Factors Associated with Herbivores
Nutrition
14. Transdisciplinary studies of plant secondary metabolites:
lessons from ecology for animal science and vice versa. W. Foley,
G. lason, H. Makka
15. Opportunities to control herbivore nematodes through
manipulation of the grazing environment. A.R. Sykes, L
Kyriazakis
SESSION 7: Nutritional Practice
16. Nutritional manipulation of functional foods derived from
herbivores for human nutritional benefit. T.C. Wright, N.E. Odongo,
N.D. Scollan, B. W. McBride
17. Nutritional disorders in the horse.　R. A I Jassim
18. Nutritional control to reduce environmental impacts of
intensive dairy cattle systems. J. Dijkstra, A. Bannink, J. France,
E. Kebreab
SESSION 8: Nutritional options to secure environmental and food
safety based on intensive animal production systems
19. Antimicrobial resistance genes in livestock production systems:
concepts and consequences. Z.T. Yu, M. Morrison
20. Contamination of the food chain with pathogens derived from
ruminant production systems. B. A. Vanselow, C. S. McSweeney
21. Comparative greenhouse gas emissions from herbivores.
A.V.Klieve, D. Ouwerkerk
Poster Abstracts
Index

章节摘录

插图：The growth rate of yaks generally is not constant from birth to slaughter, especiallyon the Qinghai-Tibet plateau where the annual nutrient supply of grassland variesgreatly with the season. In the first year of the spring-born yaks in Su-Nan County,the BW increased steadily until the first cold season （Figure 3 and Table 17）. FromJanuary through May （winter through spring）, BW decreased due to the severe coldof the winter/spring season, which produces temperatures that fall below yakthermo-neutrality, and a shortage of forage supply in spring. From May throughOctober （summer through autumn）, BW again increased. The ADG of grazing yakduring this warm season was 0.42 kg/d, compared with the 0.25 kg/d reported byXue et al. （1994） for feedlot yak （weighed in morning before feeding） fed ahigh-concentrate diet. Grazing yak thus showed highly efficient compensatorygrowth relative to feedlot yak.Compensatory growth is the term coined by Bohman （1955） to describe theaccelerated or more efficient growth that commonly follows a period of growthrestriction. The effects of a previous plane of nutrition on subsequent growth ofdomestic livestock have been documented extensively （Wilson and Osbourn, 1960;Allden, 1970; Moran and Holmes, 1978）. The phenomenon of compensatory growthis of considerable practical significance to grassland livestock production. Theefficacy of compensatory growth in a segmented production system is based on thedifferences in market value and growth efficiency between compensating andnon-compensating animals. In an integrated yak production system such as that onthe Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, actual input costs for each phase of production should beconsidered. Our data documenting the BW loss in grazing yak in the cold seasondemonstrated that the decline in BW during the first weight loss season consumed25.7% of the total BW accumulation of the first （preceding） growing season, andthat BW decline during the second weight loss season consumed 29.9% of total BWaccumulation during the second growing season.Although dally BW loss did not differ between the first （0.101 kg/d） and secondcold seasons （0.104 kg/d）, total BW loss was greater in the second cold season（18.8 kg） than in the first （12.1 kg）. However, this difference was primarily due toa longer second cold/weight loss season of 7 mo （November to May）, comparedwith 5 mo （January to May） for the cold season following birth. Therefore, aprolonged period of growth suppression appears to have no benefit for either theeconomic income of herders or the efficient utilization of the natural resource.Herders could instead exploit the compensatory growth of one-year-old yaksfollowing the first weight loss season, and rear yaks to 18 months for market orharvest. In most countries, cattle typically are slaughtered at weights substantiallyless than mature weight （Owens et al., 1995）. Yaks in Qinghal-Tibet plateau aretypically slaughtered at 5 yr old. Our results indicate that, in the grassland yakproduction  system  in  Qinghai-Tibet plateau,  there  is  no  reason  for  a marketing/harvesting standard of 3 to 5 yr of age.

编辑推荐

《第七届草食动物营养国际学术研讨会文集》：Proceedings of the,7th International Symposium on the,Nutrition of Herbivores,Herbivore Nutrition for the,Development of Efficient, Safe,and Sustainable Livestock Production.