工程力学

出版时间：2012-9  出版社：王开福 科学出版社 (2012-09出版)  作者：王开福  页数：518  

内容概要

　　《工程力学》由静力学、运动学、动力学和材料力学组成。主要内容包括：质点静力学和刚体静力学、摩擦、质点运动学和刚体平面运动学、质点合成运动、质点动力学和刚体平面动力学、材料机械性能、杆的轴向拉伸与压缩、轴的扭转、梁的弯曲、应力分析与强度理论、组合载荷和压杆稳定。　　《工程力学》可作为高等院校航空、机械、土木和水利等学科专业学生的英文、中文或双语工程力学教材。

书籍目录

Preface前言English EditionChapter 1 Fundamental Concepts of Theoretical Mechanics1.1 What Is Theoretical Mechanics1.2 Basic Concepts1.3 General PrinciplesChapter 2 Statics of Particle2.1 System of Concurrent Forces2.2 Resultant of Coplanar Concurrent Forces2.3 Equilibrium of Coplanar Concurrent Forces2.4 Resultant of Spatial Concurrent Forces2.5 Equilibrium of Spatial Concurrent ForcesProblemsChapter 3 Reduction of Force System3.1 Moment of Force about Point3.2 Moment of Force about Given Axis3.3 Principle of Moments3.4 Components of Moment of Force about Point3.5 Moment of Couple3.6 Resultant of Couples3.7 Equivalence of Force Acting on Rigid Body3.8 Reduction of Force SystemProblemsChapter 4 Statics of Rigid Body4.1 Equilibrium of Rigid Body4.2 Equilibrium of Two-Dimensional Rigid Body4.3 Two-Force and Three-Force Bodies4.4 Planar Trusses4.5 Equilibrium of Three-Dimensional Rigid BodyProblemsChapter 5 Friction5.1 Types of Friction5.2 Sliding Friction5.3 Angles of Friction5.4 Problems Involving Sliding Friction5.5 Rolling ResistanceProblemsChapter 6 Kinematics of Particle6.1 Motion of Particle6.2 Motion of Particle Represented by Vector6.3 Motion of Particle Represented by Rectangular Coordinates6.4 Motion of Particle Represented by Natural CoordinatesProblemsChapter 7 Kinematics of Rigid Body in Plane Motion7.1 Plane Motion of Rigid Body7.2 Translation7.3 Rotation about Fixed Axis7.4 General Plane MotionProblemsChapter 8 Resultant Motion of Particle8.1 Motion of Particle8.2 Rates of Change of Vector8.3 Resultant of Velocities8.4 Resultant of AccelerationsProblemsChapter 9 Kinetics of Particle9.1 Newtons Second Law of Motion9.2 Equations of Motion of Particle9.3 Method of Inertia Force for Particle in Motion9.4 Method of Work and Energy for Particle in Motion9.5 Method of Impulse and Momentum for Particle in MotionProblemsChapter 10 Kinetics of Rigid Body in Plane Motion10.1 Motion for System of Particles10.2 Motion of Mass Center of System of Particles10.3 Motion of System of Particles about Its Mass Center10.4 Equations of Motion for Rigid Body in Plane Motion10.5 Method of Inertia Force for Rigid Body in Plane Motion10.6 Method of Work and Energy for Rigid Body in Plane Motion10.7 Method of Impulse and Momentum for Rigid Body in Plane MotionProblemsChapter 11 Fundamental Concepts of Mechanics of Materials11.1 What Is Mechanics of Materials11.2 Basic Assumptions of Materials11.3 External Forces11.4 Internal Forces11.5 Stresses11.6 Strains11.7 Deformations of MembersProblemsChapter 12 Mechanical Properties of Materials12.1 Tensile or Compressive Test12.2 Tension of Low-Carbon Steel12.3 Ductile and Brittle Materials12.4 Stress-Strain Curve of Ductile Materials without Distinct Yield Point12.5 Percent Elongation and Percent Reduction in Area12.6 Hookes Law12.7 Mechanical Properties of Materials in CompressionChapter 13 Axial Tension and Compression of Bars13.1 Definition of Axial Tension and Compression13.2 Axial Force13.3 Normal Stress on Cross Section13.4 Saint-Venants Principle13.5 Normal and Shearing Stresses on Oblique Section13.6 Normal Strain13.7 Deformation of Axially Loaded Bar13.8 Statically Indeterminate Axially Loaded Bar13.9 Design of Axially Loaded Bar13.10 Stress ConcentrationsProblemsChapter 14 Torsion of Shafts14.1 Definition of Torsion14.2 Twisting Moment14.3 Hookes Law in Shear14.4 Shearing Stress on Cross Section of Circular Shaft14.5 Normal and Shearing Stresses on Oblique Section of Circular Shaft14.6 Angle of Twist14.7 Statically Indeterminate Circular Shaft14.8 Design of Circular ShaftProblemsChapter 15 Shearing Force and Bending Moment of Beams15.1 Definition of Bending15.2 Shearing-Force and Bending-Moment Diagrams15.3 Relations between Distributed Load, Shearing Force, and Bending Moment15.4 Relations between Concentrated Load, Shearing Force, and Bending MomentProblemsChapter 16 Normal Stress and Shearing Stress in Beams16.1 Types of Bending16.2 Normal Stresses on Cross Section in Pure Bending16.3 Normal and Shearing Stresses on Cross Section in Transverse-Force Bending16.4 Design of Prismatic Beams in BendingProblemsChapter 17 Deflection and Slope of Beams17.1 Deformation of Beams17.2 Method of Integration17.3 Method of Superposition17.4 Statically Indeterminate BeamsProblemsChapter 18 Stress Analysis and Theories of Strength18.1 State of Stress18.2 Transformation of Plane Stress18.3 Principal Stresses for Plane Stress18.4 Maximum Shearing Stress for Plane Stress18.5 Stresses in Pressure Vessels18.6 Generalized Hookes Law18.7 Theories of Strength under Plane StressProblemsChapter 19 Combined Loadings19.1 Definition of Combined Loadings19.2 Stress in Bar Subject to Eccentric Tension or Compression19.3 Stress in I-Section Beam Subject to Transverse-Force Bending19.4 Stress in Beam Subject to Bending and Axial Tension/Compression19.5 Stress in Shaft Subject to Torsion and BendingProblemsChapter 20 Stability of Columns20.1 Definition of Buckling20.2 Critical Load of Long Slender Columns under Centric Loadwith Pin Supports20.3 Critical Load of Long Slender Columns under Centric Load with Other Supports20.4 Critical Stress of Long Slender Columns under Centric Load20.5 Critical Stress of Intermediate Length Columns under Centric Load20.6 Design of Columns under Centric LoadProblemsReferencesAppendix Ⅰ Centers of Gravity and CentroidsⅠ.1 Center of Gravity and Centroid of PlateⅠ.2 Center of Gravity and Centroid of Composite PlateⅠ.3 Center of Gravity and Centroid of 3D BodyⅠ.4 Center of Gravity and Centroid of 3D Composite BodyAppendix Ⅱ Mass Moments of InertiaⅡ.1 Moment of Inertia and Radius of GyrationⅡ.2 Parallel-Axis TheoremAppendix Ⅲ Geometrical Properties of AreasⅢ.1 First Moment and CentroidⅢ.2 First Moment and Centroid of Composite AreaⅢ.3 Moment of Inertia and Polar Moment of InertiaⅢ.4 Radius of Gyration and Polar Radius of GyrationⅢ.5 Product of InertiaⅢ.6 Parallel-Axis TheoremⅢ.7 Moment of Inertia and Polar Moment of Inertia of Commonly-Used AreasAppendix Ⅳ Geometrical Properties of Rolled-Steel ShapesⅣ.1 I SteelⅣ.2 Channel SteelⅣ.3 Equal Angle SteelⅣ.4 Unequal Angle SteelAppendix Ⅴ Deflections and Slopes of Beams中文版第1章 理论力学的基本概念1.1 什么是理论力学1.2 基本概念1.3 普遍原理第2章 质点静力学2.1 汇交力系2.2 平面汇交力的合成2.3 平面汇交力的平衡2.4 空间汇交力的合成2.5 空间汇交力的平衡习题第3章 力系的简化3.1 力对点之矩3.2 力对轴之矩3.3 力矩定理3.4 力对点之矩的分量3.5 力偶矩3.6 力偶的合成3.7 作用于刚体上力的等效3.8 力系的简化习题第4章 刚体静力学4.1 刚体平衡4.2 二维刚体的平衡4.3 二力和三力物体4.4 平面桁架4.5 三维刚体的平衡习题第5章 摩擦5.1 摩擦分类5.2 滑动摩擦5.3 摩擦角5.4 含有滑动摩擦的问题5.5 滚动摩阻习题第6章 质点运动学6.1 质点的运动6.2 质点运动的矢量表示6.3 质点运动的直角坐标表示6.4 质点运动的自然坐标表示习题第7章 刚体平面运动学7.1 刚体平面运动7.2 平移7.3 定轴转动7.4 一般平面运动习题第8章 质点合成运动8.1 质点的运动8.2 矢量的变化率8.3 速度的合成8.4 加速度的合成习题第9章 质点动力学9.1 牛顿第二运动定律9.2 质点运动方程9.3 运动质点的惯性力法9.4 运动质点的功-能法9.5 运动质点的冲量-动量法习题第10章 刚体平面动力学10.1 质点系的运动10.2 质点系质心的运动10.3 质点系相对质心的运动10.4 平面运动刚体的运动方程10.5 平面运动刚体的惯性力法10.6 平面运动刚体的功-能法10.7 平面运动刚体的冲量-动量法习题第11章 材料力学的基本概念11.1 什么是材料力学11.2 材料的基本假设11.3 外力11.4 内力11.5 应力11.6 应变11.7 构件的变形习题第12章 材料机械性能12.1 拉伸或压缩试验12.2 低碳钢拉伸12.3 塑性和脆性材料12.4 没有明显屈服点的塑性材料的应力-应变曲线12.5 伸长率和断面收缩率12.6 胡克定律12.7 材料压缩机械性能第13章 杆的轴向拉伸与压缩13.1 轴向拉伸与压缩的定义13.2 轴力13.3 横截面上的正应力13.4 圣维南原理13.5 斜截面上的正应力和剪应力13.6 线应变13.7 轴向加载杆的变形13.8 静不定轴向加载杆13.9 轴向加载杆的设计13.10 应力集中习题第14章 轴的扭转14.1 扭转的定义14.2 扭矩14.3 剪切胡克定律14.4 圆轴横截面上的剪应力14.5 圆轴斜截面上的正应力和剪应力14.6 扭转角14.7 静不定圆轴14.8 圆轴的设计习题第15章 梁的剪力与弯矩15.1 弯曲的定义15.2 剪力和弯矩图15.3 分布载荷、剪力和弯矩之间的关系15.4 集中载荷、剪力和弯矩之间的关系习题第16章 梁的正应力与剪应力16.1 弯曲的类型16.2 纯弯曲梁横截面上的正应力16.3 横力弯曲梁横截面上的正应力和剪应力16.4 等截面弯曲梁的设计习题第17章 梁的挠度与转角17.1 梁的变形17.2 积分法17.3 叠加法17.4 静不定梁习题第18章 应力分析与强度理论18.1 应力状态18.2 平面应力状态变换18.3 平面应力状态的主应力18.4 平面应力状态的最大剪应力18.5 压力容器中的应力18.6 广义胡克定律18.7 平面应力状态强度理论习题第19章 组合载荷19.1 组合载荷的定义19.2 偏心拉伸或压缩杆的应力19.3 横力弯曲工字梁的应力19.4 弯曲与拉压梁的应力19.5 扭转与弯曲轴的应力习题第20章 压杆稳定20.1 失稳的定义20.2 两端铰支中心加载细长压杆的临界载荷20.3 其他支撑中心加载细长压杆的临界载荷20.4 中心加载细长压杆的临界应力20.5 中心加载中长压杆的临界应力20.6 中心加载压杆的设计习题参考文献附录Ⅰ 重心与形心Ⅰ.1 薄板的重心与形心Ⅰ.2 组合薄板的重心与形心Ⅰ.3 三维物体的重心与形心Ⅰ.4 三维组合物体的重心与形心附录Ⅱ 转动惯量Ⅱ.1 转动惯量与回转半径Ⅱ.2 平行移轴定理附录Ⅲ 截面几何性质Ⅲ.1 静矩与形心Ⅲ.2 组合截面的静矩与形心Ⅲ.3 惯性矩与极惯性矩Ⅲ.4 惯性半径与极惯性半径Ⅲ.5 惯性积Ⅲ.6 平行移轴定理Ⅲ.7 常用截面的惯性矩与极惯性矩附录Ⅳ 型钢几何性质Ⅳ.1 工字钢Ⅳ.2 槽钢Ⅳ.3 等边角钢Ⅳ.4 不等边角钢附录Ⅴ 常用梁的挠度与转角

章节摘录

Chapter 1 Fundamental Concepts of TheoreticalMechanics1.1 What Is Theoretical MechanicsEngineering mechanics is the science that applies the principles of mechanics to the analysis and design of engineering structures and machines. It usually includes theoretical mechanics and mechanics of materials.Theoretical mechanics is the study of equilibrium or motion of bodies subjected to the action of forces, and consists of statics, kinematics and dynamics. Statics is the study of bodies at rest or in equilibrium; kinematics treats the geometry of the motion without regard to the forces acting on bodies; and kinetics deals with the relation between the motion of bodies and the forces acting on bodies.In theoretical mechanics, bodies are assumed to be perfectly rigid. Though actual structures and machines are never absolutely rigid and deform under the action of forces, these deformations are usually small and do not affect the state of equilibrium or motion of the structures and machines under consideration.1.2 Basic Concepts1. LengthLength is used to locate the position of a point in space. The position of a point can be defined by three lengths measured from a certain reference point in three given directions.2. TimeTime is used to represent a nonspatial continuum in which events occur in irreversible succession from the past through the present to the future. To define an event, it is not sufficient to indicate its position in space. The time of the event should be given.3. MassMass is used to characterize the quantity of matter that a body contains. The mass of a body is not dependent on gravity and therefore is different from but proportional to its weight.Two bodies of the same mass, for example, will be attracted by the earth in the same manner; they will also offer the same resistance to a change in velocity.4. ForceForce is used to represent the action of one body on another. A force tends to produce an acceleration of a body in the direction of its application. The effect of a force is completely characterized by its magnitude, direction, and point of application.5. ParticleIf the size and shape of a body do not affect the solution of the specific problem under consideration, then this body can be idealized as a particle, i.e., a particle has a mass, but its size and shape can be neglected. For example, the size and shape of the earth is insignificant compared to the size and shape of its orbit, and therefore the earth can be modeled as a particle when studying the orbital motion of the earth.6. Rigid BodyA rigid body can be considered as a combination of a large number of particles in which all the particles occupy fixed positions with respect to each other within the body both before and after the action of forces, i.e., a rigid body is defined as one which does not deform when it is subjected to the action of forces.7. ScalarsScalars possess only magnitude, e.g., length, time, mass, work, energy. Scalars are added by algebraic methods.8. VectorsVectors possess both magnitude and direction (direction is understood to includes both the inclination angle that the line of action makes with a given reference line and the sense of the vector along the line of action), e.g., force, displacement, impulse, momentum. Vectors are added by the parallelogram law.9. Free VectorsA free vector can be moved anywhere in space provided it remains the same magnitude and direction.10. Sliding or Slip VectorsA sliding or slip vector can be moved to any point along its line of action.11. Fixed or Bound VectorsA fixed or bound vector must remain at the same point of application.1.3 General Principles1. Parallelogram LawThis law states that two forces acting on a particle can be replaced by a single resultant force obtained by drawing the diagonal of the parallelogram which has sides equal to the given forces.For example, two forces 1F and 2F acting on a particle O, Fig. 1.1a, can be replacedby a single force R , Fig. 1.1b, which has the same effect on the particle O and is called the resultant force of the forces 1F and 2F . The resultant force R can be obtained by drawing a parallelogram using 1F and 2F as two adjacent sides of the parallelogram. The diagonal that passes through O represents the resultant force R , i.e., 1 2R=F+F . This method forfinding the resultant force of two forces is known as the parallelogram law.From the parallelogram law, an alternative method for determining the resultant force of two forces by drawing a triangle, Fig. 1.2b, can be obtained. The resultant force R of the forces 1F and 2F can be found by arranging 1F and 2F in tip-to-tail fashion and then connecting the tail of 1F with the tip of 2F , i.e., 1 2R=F+F . This is known as the triangle rule.2. Principle of TransmissibilityThis principle states that the state of equilibrium or motion of a rigid body will remain unchanged if one force acting at a given point of the rigid body is replaced by another force of the same magnitude and same direction, but acting at a different point, provided that the two forces have the same line of action.For example, a force F , Fig. 1.3a, acting on a given point O of a rigid body can be replaced by a force ′ F , Fig. 1.3b, of the same magnitude and same direction, but acting at a different point O′ on the same line of action. The two forces F and ′ F have the same effect on the rigid body and are said to be equivalent. This principle shows that the effect of a force on a rigid body remains unchanged provided the force acting on the rigid body is moved along its line of action. Thus forces acting on a rigid body are sliding vectors.replaced by a force ′ F , Fig. 1.3b, of the same magnitude and same direction, but acting at a different point O′ on the same line of action. The two forces F and ′ F have the same effect on the rigid body and are said to be equivalent. This principle shows that the effect of a force on a rigid body remains unchanged provided the force acting on the rigid body is moved along its line of action. Thus forces acting on a rigid body are sliding vectors.where F is the force of gravitation between the two particles, G is the universal constant of gravitation, 1 m and 2m are, respectively, the mass of each of the two particles, and r is the distance between the two particles.When a particle is located on or near the surface of the earth, the force exerted by the earth on the particle is defined as the weight of the particle. Taking 1 m equal to the mass M of the earth, 2 m equal to the mass m of the particle, and r equal to the radius R of the earth, and letting 2Mg GR= (1.3)where g is the acceleration of gravity, then the magnitude of the weight of the particle can be given by W =mg (1.4)The value of g is approximately equal to 9.81 m/s2in SI units, as long as the particle is located on or near the surface of the earth.Chapter 2 Statics of Particle2.1 System of Concurrent ForcesA body under consideration can be idealized as a particle if its size and shape are able to be neglected. All the forces acting on this particle can be assumed to be applied at the same point and will thus form a system of concurrent forces.2.2 Resultant of Coplanar Concurrent ForcesA coplanar system of concurrent forces consists of concurrent forces that lie in one plane.1. Graphical Method for Resultant of ForcesThe resultant force of a coplanar system of concurrent forces acting on a particle can be obtained by using the graphical method. If a particle is acted upon by three or more coplanar concurrent forces, the resultant force can be obtained by the repeated applications of the triangle rule.Considering that a particle O is acted upon by coplanar concurrent forces 1F , 2F , and 3F ,Fig. 2.1a, the resultant force R of these forces can be obtained graphically by arranging all the given forces in tip-to-tail fashion and connecting the tail of the first force with the tip of the last one, Fig. 2.1b. This method is known as the polygon rule.

编辑推荐

《工程力学》编著者王开福。    本书是工程力学双语教材,系统论述了工程力学的基本概念、基础理论、计算方法和工程应用。全书由20章正文和5个附录组成。     全书由20章正文和5个附录组成。第1章介绍理论力学的基本概念与普遍原理。第2章讨论作用于质点上的汇交力系的合成与平衡。第3章讨论作用于刚体上的力系的简化与等效。第4章考虑刚体的平衡以及平面桁架的内力。第5章介绍滑动摩擦与滚动摩阻的概念。第6章分析质点的速度与加速度。第7章涉及平移、转动和一般平面运动刚体的速度与加速度。第8章研究质点合成运动。第9章和第10章分别研究质点动力学和刚体平面动力学。第11章介绍材料力学的基本概念。第12章描述材料在拉压时的机械性能。第13章和第14章分别讨论拉压杆和扭转轴的应力与变形。第15章、16章和17章分别涉及弯曲梁的内力、应力和变形。第18章介绍平面应力状态与材料失效准则。第19章考虑在组合载荷作用下构件的应力分析。第20章分析压杆的失稳。

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